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Jingdong book

0～3岁儿童早期教育指南

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Books Family & Education Motherhood Knowledge

Jingdong book

0～3岁儿童早期教育指南

Name: 0～3岁儿童早期教育指南
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3113016791
Price: 24.57 USD
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Content Description

Catalogue

基础篇
第一章婴幼儿卫生保健
第一节婴幼儿分期与保健要点
一、新生儿期
二、婴儿期
三、幼儿期
第二节婴幼儿体格生长
一、体格生长的基本规律
二、体格生长的常用指标
三、影响体格生长的因素
第三节婴幼儿各系统的解剖生理特点
一、消化系统
二、呼吸系统
三、循环系统
四、泌尿系统
五、皮肤
六、运动系统
七、神经系统

第二章婴幼儿营养
第一节 0～6月龄婴儿喂养
一、纯母乳喂养
二、部分母乳喂养（或混合喂养）
三、人工喂养
四、营养状况评价
第二节 6～12月龄婴儿喂养
一、奶类应是6～12月龄婴儿营养的主要来源
二、及时、合理添加辅食
三、逐渐让婴儿自己进食，培养良好的进食行为
四、婴儿辅食应单独制作，注意饮食卫生
五、营养状况评价
第三节 1～3岁幼儿喂养指导
一、每天保证乳类食物量，逐步过渡到食物多样
二、选择营养丰富、易消化的食物
三、采用适宜的烹调方式
四、重视良好饮食习惯的培养
五、合理安排零食
六、每天足量饮水
七、确保饮食卫生，严格消毒餐具
八、营养状况评价
第四节常见的营养性疾病
一、营养性缺铁性贫血
二、维生素D缺乏性佝偻病
三、营养不良
四、锌缺乏症营养不良
五、单纯性肥胖

第三章婴幼儿的心理发展特点
第一节大脑与神经系统发展
一、脑发育的可塑性
二、脑发育的代偿性
三、脑发育与心理行为的关系
第二节婴@JL运动能力的发展
一、运动发展的规律
二、大运动发展程序
三、精细动作发展程序
第三节婴幼儿感知觉的发展
一、视知觉的发生发展
二、听知觉的发生发展
三、皮肤感觉的发生发展
四、嗅觉和味觉的发生发展
第四节婴幼儿注意、记忆、想象的发展
一、注意的发生发展与培养
二、记忆的发生发展与培养.，
三、想象的发生发展与培养
第五节婴幼儿认知能力与思维的发展
一、认知的发生发展
二、认知、思维与智力
三、婴幼儿认知发展的阶段与内容
四、思维类型的特点
五、教育关注
第六节婴幼儿语言的发展
一、语言发展的生理基础
二、语言发展程序
三、婴儿的“前言语行为”
四、言语的基本特征
五、教育关注
第七节婴幼儿情绪情感的发展
一、情绪情感对婴幼儿发展的意义
二、婴幼儿情绪情感的发生与分化
三、婴幼儿基本情绪的发展
四、婴幼儿情绪的社会化
五、教育关注
附：0～3岁婴幼儿发展指标与教养策略

实务篇
第四章社区早期教育基地的开办与管理
第一节社区早期教育基地的开办
一、基本定位与任务
二、工作要求与特点
第二节幼儿园开办早教基地的意义
一、增强教育机构的社会服务功能，促进幼儿园与社区关系的融合
二、实现教育资源的整合与共享
三、面向社会广泛进行科学早期教育宣传，推动学习化社区建设
……
第五章 0～3岁儿童早期教养环境
第六章集体教养机构中早教活动的组织与指导
第七章面向家长的早期教育指导
第八章特殊儿童的早期发现、筛查和干预

Book Abstract

另外，这个阶段的婴儿还获得“物体永存”的概念。比如，当玩具在他视野中消失的时候，他知道玩具不是不存在了，而是“藏”在某个地方，所以他开始会玩藏猫猫的游戏。客体永久性概念的获得是婴儿智力发展阶段的重要成就，是一切认知活动发展的基础。
（五）感知运动智力阶段（12～18个月）
婴幼儿能够通过偶然尝试而发现新的达到目的的手段，探索新的方法。这不是一个简单的循环反应，而是立刻导致为了了解外在客观变化而进行的不断尝试。例如，婴幼儿够不到桌子上的物品，偶然拉动桌布一角观察到物品移动，从而认识到两者之间的关系，于是拉动桌布，拿到物品。通过主动实验，婴幼儿发现达到目的的新途径。这是婴幼儿智力发展中的又一大进步，它标志着婴幼儿思维能力的产生和初步发展。
（六）智力的综合阶段（18～24个月）
这时婴幼儿具有了心理表征能力，他们可以对自己的行为以及外在事物进行内部表征，开始心理的内化进程。婴幼儿获得心理表征能力的明显标志是：
1.不用明显的外部尝试动作就能解决问题，即通过头脑中组合动作来构成达到目的的新方法。例如，看到桌子上的物品不易够到，直接拉动桌布取到物品。
2.产生延迟模仿能力。例如，看见一个小伙伴把果皮扔到垃圾筒，第二天自己也学着扔果皮到垃圾筒。这表明婴幼儿此时已形成内化了的模仿，可以通过保持在某一情景下获得再现，积累了大量的表象素材（思维内容），从而促进了婴幼儿思维的发展。
另外，接近24个月的婴幼儿不再是原始的混沌状态，开始出现自我意识，逐渐能把自我与外在环境区分开来，将自己的愿望与现实区分开来。这个自我中心化及相应的去自我中心化过程，是儿童心理发展的重要特征和一般规律，并贯穿于儿童心理发生与发展的整个过程。

Introduction

早期教育是终身教育的起点，是人类个体从家庭走向社会的第一步。近年来，脑科学、神经科学等研究的新进展更让我们认识到，0～3岁是人一生发展最为迅速和关键的时期。在0～3岁阶段，家长是孩子的第一任教师，家长对于儿童早期发展的意义格外重要。同时，对儿童来说，影响其发展的生态环境是多层次、多性质的，尽可能地将多元化的生态环境因素包容进来，是一种理想的选择。而家庭和社区作为直接影响婴幼儿的重要生态环境，理应被纳入早期教育的范畴。“建立以社区为基础的早期教育（服务）网络”正是在重视家庭、社区作用的趋势下，成为当今世界学前教育领域的一个热点，备受世界各国政府、学者和教育工作者的关注。
近年来，我国对0～3岁儿童保育和教育的管理已由卫生部门或福利部门主管，转变为由教育部门主管，从管理上理顺了关系。0～6岁学前儿童教育的一体化，使原本以散居家庭养育为主的0～3岁儿童教育模式转化为由全社会关注和参与的保育和教育相整合的教育模式，使0～3岁和3～6岁这两个年龄段之间产生了自然的衔接。同时，近些年来，随着经济体制的改革和城镇化程度的加快，我国的社会结构和组织形态发生了重大的变化。这些变化使得“社区”的概念逐渐被强化。
在时代发展的背景下，我国各级政府逐渐都在大力推进以社区为基础的早期儿童服务网络的建设和发展工作。2003年3月，国务院办公厅转发了教育部等中央十部委签发的《关于幼儿教育改革与发展的指导意见》的通知，将“根据城乡的不同特点，逐步建立以社区为基础，以示范性幼儿园为中心，灵活多样的幼儿教育形式相结合的幼儿教育服务网络，为0～6岁儿童和家长提供早期保育和教育服务”列入了我国幼儿教育改革的总目标。2001年，北京市政府颁布《北京市学前教育条例》，明确提出“倡导和支持开展3周岁以下婴幼儿园的早期教育”。

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