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Jingdong book

流行病学原理：公共卫生实践中的应用（第3版）

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Jingdong book

流行病学原理：公共卫生实践中的应用（第3版）

Name: 流行病学原理：公共卫生实践中的应用（第3版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117044501
Price: 56.90 USD
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由美国疾病预防控制中心编写，作为继续教育的自学教程的《流行病学原理——公共卫生实践中的应用》，主要介绍了在开展与健康相关的现状或事件的监测和调查时，所涉及的流行病学的基本原理、概念和基本步骤。通过本教材的学习，可以对公共卫生实践以及流行病学、生物统计学有一个基本的了解。本教材共包括六个章节，每一章节都提供了相关的练习和自我测验题，便于自学和检验学习效果。该书简单明晰，具有较强的针对性、可读性、可操作性，对公共卫生事件的监测和调查的实践具有实际的指导意义。

Catalogue

第一章流行病学概述
目的
一、流行病学定义
二、流行病学发展史
三、流行病学的应用
四、流行病学的主要任务
五、流行病学方法
六、描述性流行病学
七、分析性流行病学
八、与疾病发生有关的概念
九、疾病自然史和疾病谱
十、传染链
十一、疾病流行状况
十二、小结
练习题答案
自我测试
自我测试答案
参考文献
第二章数据的归纳
目的
一、组织数据
二、变量类型
三、频数分布
四、频数分布特征
五、数据归纳的方法
六、集中趋势的测量
七、离散程度的测量
八、选择正确的集中趋势和离散趋势指标
九、小结
练习题答案
自我测试
自我测试答案
参考文献
第三章风险的测量指标
目的
一、频率指标
二、发病频率指标
三、死亡频率指标
四、出生率(出生)指标
五、关联性指标
六、公共卫生影响指标
七、小结
练习题答案
自我测试
自我测试答案
参考文献
第四章公共卫生资料的描述
目的
一、图表简介
二、表格
三、统计图
四、其他数据显示形式
五、电脑技术的应用
六、小结
练习题答案
自我测试
自我测试答案
参考文献
第五章公共卫生监测
目的
一、前言
二、公共卫生监测的目的与特征
三、确定需要监测的卫生问题
四、确定或收集监测资料
五、资料的分析与解释
六、数据的发布与解释
七、监测的评价与改进
八、小结
附录A 运行良好的监测系统的特征
附录B CDDC于衣原体感染的资料
附录C 监测的实例
附录D 美国主要的卫生数据系统
附录E 法定报告疾病监测的局限性及改善的建议
练习题答案
自我测试
自我测试答案
参考文献
第六章暴发调查
目的
一、暴发调查简介
二、暴发调查的实施步骤
三、小结
练习题答案
自我测试
自我测试答案
参考文献
词汇

Book Abstract

从时间、地点、人群三个方面进行数据的整理和分析是由于以下几个原因：
第一，通过仔细阅读，流行病学家将十分熟悉这些数据，她／他是否能发现这些数据所显示的事件特征基于：①有哪些变量；②这些变量的局限性，例如，每一个重要变量有缺失信息的记录数；③异常值（例如，所有的病例年龄范围是2个月至6岁，却有一个17岁的病例）。
第二，流行病学家要了解所调查的公共卫生事件所涉及的范围和模式——即哪些月份、哪些地方和哪些人群中发生的病例最多或最少。
第三，流行病学家利用统计图表和统计地图对人群健康进行具体详尽的描述，这些描述工具直观而易于被人理解。
第四，流行病学家能确认人群发病率高的地区或人群，而这些信息反过来又能提供导致疾病发生的重要线索，这些线索将转化成可检验的病因假设。
（一）时间
疾病的发病随时间而改变，有些变化是有规律的，有些则难以预测。流感（冬季）和西尼罗河病毒感染（8、9月）均在每年的固定季度发病。相反，乙肝和沙门菌病一年四季均可发生。
对于那些有严格季节性的疾病，卫生部门官员可以预测它们的发生并能及时采取预防控制措施（如开展流感疫苗接种活动或灭蚊）。对于那些偶发性疾病，研究者通过开展研究确认疾病的发生原因和传播方式，随后采取针对性措施以控制和预防疾病的进一步发生。
无论是在监测社区疾病发病中，还是在评价公共卫生干预措施是否有效时，描述疾病在不同时间的发病模式都至关重要。
时间数据通常用二维图表示。纵轴或y轴常常表示病例数或疾病频率。横轴或x轴常常表示时间尺度（如年、月、日）。描述疾病发生随时间变化的统计图常有线图（图1．4）或直方图（图1．5）。
有时候，一个图会显示出与所描述的疾病趋势相关事件的时间特点。例如，这个图可能会提示暴露时间或预防措施实施的时间。研究一个显示了暴露时间的图可能会发现导致疾病发生的可能原因，而一个显示了预防措施实施时间的图则可能会发现预防措施对疾病所产生的影响。
如前所述，时间是沿着x轴标示的，其范围有可能是数年或数十年，也可能是数天甚至数小时，这取决于疾病的特征。例如，对于某种情况如许多慢性疾病，流行病学家倾向于研究疾病发生频数／频率的长期趋势或模式。对于其他情况如食源性疾病的暴发，有关的时间长度可能是数天或数小时。一些常见的时间相关性图将在下面进一步阐述，而第四章将更加详尽地描述这些及其他图表。

Introduction

公共卫生工作是保护人类群体健康的重要社会活动，是一项伟大的公共卫生事业，需要有强大的科学理论和方法提供技术支持和支撑。流行病学作为向公共卫生工作提供研究群体疾病规律的最简单和最直接的方法的学科，从关注人群的角度，不仅能够通过现场收集疾病暴发与流行的资料，发现规律，寻找致病的可能因素，为控制疾病提供线索，而且能够据此为预防该病的再次暴发与流行提供科学可靠的证据。因此，流行病学专业人员在各级公共卫生机构中就扮演了“医学侦探”的角色，为预防和控制传染性疾病和非传染性疾病提供科学准确的信息。
今天，全世界的公共卫生工作者已习惯于常规使用流行病学来描述人群健康特征并解决日常发生的大大小小的健康相关问题。而作为一名从事公共卫生事业的实践者，应该掌握流行病学的基本原理，具备流行病学的基本素养和基本技能。

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