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Jingdong book

大捐赠者传奇

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Jingdong book

大捐赠者传奇

Name: 大捐赠者传奇
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3102006981
Price: 19.00 USD
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一位慈善事业直言不讳的观察家，首次剥开公益机构庄严堂皇的外表，揭露鲜为人知的内幕。

洛克菲勒、卡内基、亨利·福特、比尔·盖茨、乔治·索罗斯……是为信仰，为怀念？还是为扬名，为遮丑？这些冒险家、圣人、英雄或流氓，因为不同的动机成为留名史册的大捐赠者，他们戏剧性的故事，构成了美国公益事业丰富而真实的人间传奇，而这些传奇性的捐赠故事，也给正在从事或想要投身慈善活动的人们提供了参考。

Content Description

《大捐赠者传奇》像一部纪录电影，用一个半小时的片长讲述了一个跨越半个世纪的故事。在这部电影里，作者将聚光灯打在了私人基金会这群“从不需要接受公众监督”的社会恩人身上。

聚光灯之前，这些建立起大型基金会的捐赠者们活像一群各具特色的演员：冷漠离群的洛克菲勒、贪得无厌又慷慨豪爽的卡内基、精神异常的霍华德·休斯、高喊要投身慈善业却迟迟未有动作的巴菲特……他们当中有社会下层的罪犯和精神病患，有无足轻重的老好人，有不守陈规的英雄，也有天才的组织家。无论是出于单纯的利他主义，还是为己谋福，这些摇钱树的种栽者们最终影响了人类社会的各个领域：教育、医学、艺术、商业，甚至政治。

素以“直言不讳”闻名的作者用《大捐赠者传奇》粉碎了我们对于慈善机构充满敬意的幻想：很多时候，它们都不是高尚动机和精心规划的硕果，而是疏忽、冲动、个人爱好，甚至临终遗愿的产物，源自我们能想到的最个人化、最情感化的因素。

这些传奇性的捐赠故事，让我们嗅到了这些富甲一方的豪门显贵身上凡人的味道，感受到他们捐赠时的爱与愤恨、渴望与恐惧、罪恶感与虚荣心，也让我们透过慈善机构庄严堂皇的外表，窥视到它的内部运作。

Author Description

沃尔德马·尼尔森（Waldemar Nielsen，1917-2005），早年是一位外交官，曾于第二次世界大战之后担任美国商务部部长特别助理、美国国务院驻欧洲主管，是马歇尔计划的主要执行人之一。退出政界后，长期研究美国的公益事业，担任过洛克菲勒三世、福特基金会等大富豪或大型基金会的顾问和总裁。

先后出版了四部极具权威性的、关于美国基金会的专著。其中这本凝结半生心血的作品《大捐赠者传奇》让他从此赢得了“慈善事业直言不讳的观察家”的声誉。书中他愤笔直言“亨利·福特、霍华德·休斯和约翰·麦克阿瑟是一些没有慈善之心、腐败，甚至精神变态的捐赠者”。

晚年，成为中国改革开放之后推动中外艺术交流的先行者之一，几乎中国当代艺术领域的所有顶级人物都曾最初受助或受益于他。

2005年，尼尔森辞世，曾专访过他的《纽约时报》发文叹息：慈善界失去了一位巨人。

Comments

一般庞大富有的基金会都有许多朋友，但却很少有批评者。沃尔德马·尼尔森就是这极少数的批评者之一。他对基金会的感情显然是很复杂的：既热爱又失望。

——《纽约时报》

没有人比沃尔德马·尼尔森更了解美国的基金会。数十年来，他一直是一位关于公益基金事业的直率可信的评论家。他了解公益业的巨大成就，它的不足之处，以及内部的丑闻。而且他写来决不枯燥乏味。

——约翰·威廉·加德纳原纽约卡内基公司总裁、斯坦福大学教授

沃尔德马·尼尔森对捐赠事业内情洞察入微的研究将回答关心这一领域的读者的许多问题，引发他们的好奇心。捐赠者和受捐赠者都会从这本书中得益。

——伊丽莎白·麦科马克洛克菲勒家族机构慈善顾问、麦克阿瑟基金会主要董事成员

沃尔德马·尼尔森之于慈善界就像沃尔特·克尔之于戏剧界一样。在关于美国慈善业的作品中，没有一本能超越《大捐赠者传奇》。

——安妮·摩根知名美国基金会顾问

Catalogue

致中文读者

前言

代序：“花钱更比挣钱难”

译者序：春寒三月忆故人

《纽约时报》专访：与资深基金会观察家的对话

第一部分关键的问题

第一章美国的历史背景和未来潮流

第二章从捐赠者开始

第二部分居高领先的潜力

第三章三位过去的巨人：

老约翰·洛克菲勒

安德鲁·卡内基

朱利叶斯·罗森沃德

三巨人之比较

第四章三位令人敬畏的后继者：

玛丽·拉斯科尔：文质彬彬而又精力充沛的人

阿诺德·贝克曼：科学家捐赠者

瓦尔特·安奈伯格：传媒事业的赞助人

一些比较和对照

第五章新的巨富（多变的四重奏）：

沃伦·巴菲特

比尔·盖茨

莱斯里·韦克斯纳

乔治·索罗斯

一些比较与对照

第三部分妇女作用的提升

第六章被遗忘的历史

重要的第二阶段变化

第七章公益事业中的妇女

光明的前景

第四部分捐赠行为中的险境

第八章灾难的警告

慈善界久为人知的丑闻

意想不到的转变

适得其反：虔诚的奉献者与灾难性的后果

第九章灾难的来临和出路

哈特福德基金会

卫加特基金会

阿容·戴孟德基金会

罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会

福特基金会

麦克阿瑟基金会

第十章艺术界截然不同的个案：

莉·克莱斯诺和安迪·沃霍

波洛克-克莱斯诺基金会

安迪·沃霍尔基金会

第五部分巨大的中间王国

第十一章家庭基金会和家庭的问题

第十二章财富的腐化效应

F·M·科尔比基金会

卡弗里茨基金会

S·H·和海伦·R·雪尔家庭基金会

科尔家庭基金会

玛丽·雷诺尔兹·巴布柯克基金会

第十三章社区基金会：一个重大的创造

第六部分企业化的公益事业

第十四章有理想与影响大的基金会

罗斯和企业基金会

弗莱德·勃朗和监狱劳动

约翰·M·奥林基金会

第十五章杠杆作用

弗雷德里克·P·鲁斯

詹姆士·沃尔芬森

李·艾柯卡

第十六章赠款、交换和交换手法

赠款的市场“价码表”

一笔巨额餽赠的过程：怀特黑德研究院和麻省理工学院

斯坦福大学和胡佛战争、革命与和平研究所

约瑟夫·赫希霍：一贯的赢家

瓦尔特·安奈伯格的“交易工具”

亚蒙·韩默：越轨行为之一例

第七部分前进中的展望

第十七章 “永世长存”的陷阱

第十八章董事们及其可信赖性——卡内基个案

背道而驰

萎靡不振

得过且过

重振复兴

结束语：公益事业之未来

尾声：捐赠者该做和不该做的事

Introduction

这本书所要讲的是我关于美国基金会和公益事业的个人思考和评判。虽然它主要是写给那些正在致力于筹建和改进基金会的慈善家们看的，但对于在公益事业工作的个人，以及那些对我们的多元制度中这一特殊部分感兴趣的人而言，这本书同样值得一读。

近几年来，因为不同寻常的机会，我有幸结识了相当多的美国富豪，他们都处于创办基金会的阵痛之中。虽然我已经投身于创办基金会许多年了，与他们的交往还是开启了一段令人惊异的发现之旅。

普遍流行的观点——或者说错误的观点是——基金会都是一群有目的的、博爱的捐赠者们依靠冷静的计算和理智创建起来的。但我如今逐渐明白，在很多情况下，它们都源自人们能想象得到的最个人化、最情感化的因素：对死亡的恐惧、渴望被铭记、纠缠不清的家庭关系、权力斗争、罪恶感、虚荣心、旧时的愤恨，以及新的幻想。它们有时候是精心规划和预先策划的硕果，但在许多情况下它们都是疏忽、冲动、个人癖好或者临终遗愿的产物。

美国多元体系下这些重要而独特的美国社会产物是情感和谋划共同催生的产物。这或许就解释了为什么一些基金会成功得异常耀眼，而另一些则损失极为严重——还有一些则居于两者之间。

因此，这本书就是要试着向人们展现基金会内含的人性的一面。本书中所记录的这些关于捐赠的戏剧性故事，挑战着人们先前关于慈善机构的苍白的、充满敬意的、墨守成规的、官僚主义的、被理智化的解读，同时也让我们离真相更近了一步。

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