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Jingdong book

维特根斯坦传：天才之为责任

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Jingdong book

维特根斯坦传：天才之为责任

Name: 维特根斯坦传：天才之为责任
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3107001671
Price: 40.31 USD
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Content Description

瑞·蒙克所著的《维特根斯坦传：天才之为责任》完整的讲述了哲学家维特根斯坦的生平事迹、思想和学术成就。本书真实展现了这位伟大思想家性格变化、形成的过程，及其深刻的灵魂生活，不仅使读者了解其人，还有助于读者理解他深邃的哲学思想。

Author Description

瑞·蒙克（Ray Monk），南安普顿大学教授，研究领域包括数学哲学、分析哲学的历史，并长期致力于哲学家传记写作。1991年蒙克因《维特根斯坦传：天才之为责任》获得达夫·库珀奖（Duff Cooper Prize）。

Catalogue

致谢
序
第一部分 1889-1919
第一章自我毁灭的试验场
第二章曼彻斯特
第三章罗素的爱徒
第四章罗素的导师
第五章挪威
第六章火线之后
第七章在前线
第二部分 1919-1928
第八章印不出的真理
第九章 “一个纯农村的岗位”
第十章走出荒野
第三部分 1929-1941
第十一章第二次到来
第十二章 “证实主义阶段”
第十三章迷雾散去
第十四章一个新的开始
第十五章弗朗西斯
第十六章语言游戏：《蓝皮书和棕皮书》
第十七章 “投身行伍”
第十八章忏悔
第十九章奥地利终结
第二十章不情愿的教授
第四部分 1941-1951
第二十一章战时工作
第二十二章斯旺西
第二十三章这个时代的黑暗
第二十四章一种面相的转变
第二十五章爱尔兰
第二十六章无所归属之民
第二十七章故事终
附录：巴特利的维特根斯坦及加密札记
引注
书目选
索引
译者后记

Book Abstract

第一章自我毁灭的试验场
“撒谎对自己有利的时候，为什么要说实话？” 路德维希·维特根斯坦的哲学思考，最早的记录就是以此为题。大约八九岁时，他在一个门口停下来想这问题。他没找到满意的答案，下结论说：在那种情况下撒谎说到底没任何错。后来他如此描述这件事：“这一经历，就算不是对我未来的生活方式有决定意义，至少也典型地体现了我那时的本性。” 这件事在一个方面典型地体现了他的整个一生。他之所以转向哲学，与（比如说）伯特兰·罗素不同；罗素转向哲学，是希望在之前只有怀疑的地方找到确定性，而维特根斯坦，则是上述那种问题激起的强制倾向把他拽进了哲学。可以说，是哲学找的他，而非他找的哲学。在他的体验里，那个问题的两难是讨厌的侵扰和费解的谜，强加于他、俘虏了他，令他不能好好过日常生活，除非哪天能用一个满意的解答将其驱除。
但在另一意义上，回答这一具体问题的那个少年是极不典型的维特根斯坦。这回答轻易地接受了不诚实，根本上不容于成年维特根斯坦身上的令人既钦佩又敬畏之处：不留情面的诚实。恐怕也不容于他对哲学家之为哲学家的理解。“称我为真之寻求者”，他曾写信对姐姐说（她在一封信里称他为大哲学家），“我就满意了”。
这件事意味着性格的变化、而非观点的变化——他一生许多次变化中的第一次；他的一生以一系列这样的转变为界标，它们发生在危机的时刻，而维特根斯坦企求转变时抱着这样的信念：危机的根源是他自己。仿佛他的一生是一场与他自己本性进行的战斗。他成就了的事情，通常都带着“不顾他的本性”的意味。就此意味而言，终极的成就是对他自己的彻底克服——一种让哲学本身不再必要的转变。
后来，有人对他说G。E。摩尔孩子般的单纯值得赞扬时，维特根斯坦提出了异议。“我不能理解，”他说，“除非一个孩子也值得为之得到赞扬。因为你谈的单纯不是一个人为之拼争的单纯，而是出自天然的免于诱惑。” 这评论暗藏着一种自我评价。维特根斯坦自己的性格——他的朋友和学生在许多回忆录里都提到的那种强势、不妥协、支配性的个性——曾是他为之拼争的东西。年幼时，他的性情讨人喜欢和顺从——容易取悦、听话，以及（如我们已看到的）愿意牺牲真相。他一生前十八年的故事，首先就是这个斗争的故事，是驱动这一转变的内部和外部力量的故事。
他——路德维希·约瑟夫·约翰·维特根斯坦——出生于1889年4月26 日，是哈布斯堡时期维也纳一个最富有家庭里的第八个孩子，也是最小的。
家庭的姓氏和财富引得一些人以为他是德国贵族“塞恩-维特根斯坦”的族人。并非如此。这一家姓维特根斯坦不过三代。路德维希的曾祖父摩西·迈尔取了这个姓，摩西是那个王族的土地经理商，1808年拿破仑法令规定犹太人要有姓氏，于是他用了自己雇主的姓。
家庭内部有一种传言，说摩西·迈尔的儿子赫尔曼·克里斯蒂安·维特根斯坦是某王子的私生子（那位王子是维特根斯坦的瓦尔德克一族的，还是埃斯特黑兹一族的，则取决于传说的版本），但并无牢靠的根据使这传说可信。若考虑到以下情况，这故事的真假就更显可疑了：它的最早出现，似乎是家族面临纽伦堡法案努力为自身重新归类之时（我们将会看到，这一努力是成功的）。
这故事对赫尔曼·维特根斯坦本人倒真挺相宜；他取“克里斯蒂安”为自己的中名，是刻意切割自己的犹太背景。他完全脱离了自己出生于其间的犹太团体，离开了出生地科尔巴赫到莱比锡生活；在那儿成功地做着羊毛商生意，从匈牙利和波兰买进，向英格兰和荷兰卖出。他选的妻子是一个显赫的维也纳犹太家庭的女儿，名叫芬妮．费格多尔，但1838年他俩结婚之前她也皈依了新教。
19世纪50年代他们搬到了维也纳，那时维特根斯坦家大概已不认为自己是犹太人。赫尔曼·克里斯蒂安甚至有了点反犹名声，他坚决禁止子女跟犹太人通婚。这是个大家庭——八个女儿和三个儿子，他们大体听从了父亲的意见，而且与维也纳新教专业阶层婚配。于是一个法官、律师、教授和牧师的网络建立了起来，若维特根斯坦家需要任何传统的专业服务，就能以之为依靠。这个家庭的同化如此彻底：赫尔曼的女儿竟问兄弟路易斯，她听到的他们有犹太血统的流言是不是真的。“纯种，米莉，”他回答，“纯种。” 他们的情况与许多其他有名的维也纳家族并无不同：无论怎样同维也纳中产阶级融合，无论怎样脱离自己的出身，他们仍然——在某种神秘的意义上——是“彻头彻尾的”犹太人。
维特根斯坦家（不像比如弗洛伊德家）完全不属于任何犹太社群——除了在一个难以捉摸但很重要的意义上，而在那个意义上整个维也纳亦如是；他们的教养与犹太教也毫无瓜葛。他们的文化是全然日耳曼的。芬妮·维特根斯坦来自于一个跟奥地利文化生活联系密切的商人家庭。他们是诗人弗朗茨 ·格里尔帕策的朋友，是奥地利艺术家眼里热心而有鉴赏力的收藏者。芬妮的族弟约瑟夫·约阿希姆是著名的小提琴家，她和赫尔曼在其成长历程中起了决定性作用。
……

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