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Jingdong book

段祺瑞传

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Jingdong book

段祺瑞传

Name: 段祺瑞传
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3107015301
Price: 31.18 USD
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Editer Recommend

★人物一生事迹真实、客观，区别于“戏说”与“演义”的人物传记作品。
★对传主身边幕僚、家族后人、身后荣辱等细节的梳理是特色。
★对传主生活过的地方实地考察，采集了第一手的口述、回忆资料，是本书的亮点。

Content Description

段祺瑞（1865—1936），毕业于北洋武备学堂，助袁世凯小站练兵，一举成名，与冯国璋、王士珍并称“北洋三杰”。民国后，曾六次主政，出任陆军总长、国务总理、中华民国临时执政等。历府院之争、对德宣战、击破张勋复辟、联手南方，始终坚持武力统一。“三一八”惨案发生后，段祺瑞的政治生命彻底终结。作者广泛收集资料，博采诸家学说，对段祺瑞“三造共和”等一生大事，作了详尽的叙述，对其功过是非，提出了自己的见解和评价。

Author Description

彭秀良，1968年出生，河北省高碑店市人，现居石家庄。独立学者，研究方向为民国史、社会工作。著有《守望与开新：近代中国的社会工作》（河北教育出版社，2010）、《王士珍传》（中华书局，2013）、《一次读懂社会工作》（北京大学出版社，2014）、《冯国璋传》（中华书局，2015）。

Comments

★彭先生此书，广泛收集资料，博采诸家学说，对段祺瑞“三造共和”等一生大事，作了详尽的叙述，对其功过是非，提出了自己的见解和评价，对其为官清廉，“不抽、不喝、不嫖、不赌、不贪、不占”的“六不”戒条做了绍介，对“三一八”惨案后在牺牲者面前长跪不起以及自此吃斋的讹传作了辨正。读后，收益良多，思考良多。
——杨天石

★冯大总统和段总理同属北洋系，似乎可以同舟共济，造福国家，人们对此期望殷切，但是二人政治观点殊异，由朋友变为对手，时生龃龉，情势渐坏。对于如何统一南北，冯大总统赞同和平调解，而段总理主张武力征服。
——颜惠庆

Catalogue

第一章颠沛流离的青少年时代
段氏家世
两个“合肥”
宿迁军营
读书逸闻
第二章接受近代军事教育
新式军校
力学不倦
“北洋三杰”
赴德深造
第三章追随袁世凯
督练新军
督办军学
两次会操
江北提督
私恩厚重
第四章在辛亥年的大潮中
临危受命
两次通电
陆军总长
第五章直接指挥的两次军事行动
广宗剿“匪”
镇压白朗起义
第六章反对帝制到底
貌合神离
闭门谢客
调和西南
努力善后
第七章实行责任内阁制
责任内阁
《临时约法》
府院之争
国会问题
第八章努力实现对德宣战
局外中立
国际关系
国内矛盾
克服阻力
反复算计
现实利益
国际影响
参战督办
第九章击破张勋复辟闹剧
光杆总理
徐州会议
马厂誓师
法统中断
第十章无法实现武力统一的政治理想
南北分裂
武力统一
冯段斗法
安福国会
理想破灭
第十一章输掉了所有本钱的直皖战争
南北议和
外交失败
直皖分派
五天战事
全盘皆输
第十二章临时执政难有作为
天津会议
临时执政
善后会议
五卅惨案
关税会议
黯然收场
第十三章悠闲的晚年生活
正道居士
痴迷围棋
文学雅兴
不忘政治
第十四章躲避日本人的纠缠
离开天津
纵论国事
魂留申江
盖棺暂厝
第十五章段氏家风与家族后人
“六不总理”
妻妾子女
治家严厉
家族后人
第十六章身边幕僚的出路
段氏幕府
“四大金刚”
大小“财神”
“国舅派”系
“太子派”系
其他幕僚
第十七章身后荣辱几度沉浮
毁誉参半
身后萧索
“反动军阀”
柳暗花明
附录一段祺瑞生平大事年表
附录二段祺瑞小传
附录三参考文献
附录四人名索引

Introduction

似乎是2014年7月，河北的独立学者彭秀良先生给我打来电话，说是他写了一部《段祺瑞传》，中华书局准备出版，希望我写一篇序。当时，关于北洋时期或北洋政府的讨论正热闹，我虽然以十年时间主编过《中华民国史》中的一卷《北伐战争与北洋军阀的覆灭》，但我执笔的是其中有关“北伐战争”的段落，对“北洋军阀”，却并没有下过很深的研究功夫，属于“半瓶子晃荡”一类，很想读彭先生的书，借此补补课，对那段历史进行再学习、再思考。
段祺瑞（1865—1936年），安徽合肥人。其祖父及叔父皆为淮军将领。段本人于1885年考入天津武备学堂炮兵科。1889年，被李鸿章派到德国留学两年，学习军事。回国后被袁世凯调到天津小站新建陆军，担任炮队统带，兼随营学堂监督，成为袁的亲信，与冯国璋、王士珍并称为“北洋三杰”。1905年，任新建陆军第四镇统制。辛亥革命时，派署湖广总督，并任清军第一军军统，兼领湖北前线各军。曾受袁世凯指使，率领北洋将领46人，通电“请立共和政体”，否则即“率全体将士入京，与王公剖清利害”。民国建立后，任陆军总长。1915年年底，袁世凯称帝，段表示不拥护。1916年袁取消帝制，邀段出任国务总理。1917年，张勋复辟，段组成“讨逆军”，于天津马厂誓师反对。自1916至1918年期间，段祺瑞三次出任国务总理，掌握国家大权，是北洋政府内部的皖系一派领袖。1924年10月23日，冯玉祥发动北京政变，推翻直系大总统曹锟，段祺瑞出任中华民国临时政府的临时执政（国家元首）。1926年3月18日，北洋政府镇压北京学生运动，发生“三一八”惨案。同年4月，段祺瑞被冯玉祥驱逐下台，退居天津，在日租界当寓公，潜心佛学，自号“正道居士”。1931年“九一八”事变后，段祺瑞拒绝与日本人往来。1933年2月，移居上海，受到蒋介石的礼遇。1935年被任为国民政府委员，未就职。1936年11月2日因胃溃疡在上海病逝，享年72岁。遗言称：“勿因我见而轻起政争，勿尚空谈而不顾实践，勿兴不急之务而浪用民财，勿信过激言行之说而自摇邦本。讲外交者，勿忘巩固国防；司教育者，勿忘保存国粹；治家者，勿弃国有之礼教；求学者，勿鹜时尚之纷华。”
彭先生此书，广泛收集资料，博采诸家学说，对段祺瑞“三造共和”等一生大事，作了详尽的叙述，对其功过是非，提出了自己的见解和评价，对其为官清廉，“不抽、不喝、不嫖、不赌、不贪、不占”的“六不”戒条做了绍介，对“三一八”惨案后在牺牲者面前长跪不起以及自此吃斋的讹传作了辨正。读后，收益良多，思考良多。
多年来，对北洋政府、北洋人物，似乎早有定论，一言以蔽之，曰“军阀”。自然，这是负面评价，似乎将其“妖魔化”，一棍子打死了。本人一向主张：以实事求是为治史最高原则，有好说好，有坏说坏，爱之不增其美，憎之不益其恶。因此，我对于重新研究北洋史是赞成的，寄以希望的。然而，近年来，对北洋政府、北洋人物，似乎溢美之词日渐多了起来。例如，有人说，北洋时期实行“市场经济”，是中国民族资本发展的黄金时期，也是中国历史上第一个高度民主的时期，更是言论最自由、结社最自由、舆论环境最宽松的时期；甚至说，北洋政府最大的成就当属思想解放；还有人说，北洋政府是近代最伟大的政府，是在维护国家主权和领土完整方面作出过重大贡献的政府；是最宽大、最有人性的政府，云云。在这些观点面前，我有点茫然。
上述观点，不是全无道理。例如：经济学家可以用数字说明，1920年之前，中国经济如何以每年平均13。8%的速度向前发展；政治学家可以用几部宪法的递嬗以及国会、总统府、国务院之间的关系，说明那个时期的民主发展程度；文化史学家可以用社团、报刊的数字来说明那个时期的结社自由和言论、学术环境的宽松，等等。然而，我觉得，上述论者的最大缺陷是将“时期”和“政府”这两个概念混淆了。只要我们比较深入地研究以下的问题：哪些成绩的取得是由于20世纪时代、潮流的影响和辛亥革命精神的承续？哪些社会进步是由于人民，包括知识界的奋斗、努力和抗争？当时政府和统治者的执政重点何在？他们提出了哪些政策，其倡导和推动作用如何？北洋时期的中国发展和其政府政策之间是否存在，或存在着怎样的因果关系？我相信，如果比较深入地研究了上述问题之后，也许我们对北洋政府和北洋人物的评价就会持平一些、允当一些。
以上是我读彭先生的书，浏览今人相关研究成果之后的一点感想，算是“序”。当然，再说一遍，我对北洋史研究不够，可以说至今尚未入门，说错了的地方，或应该说而没有说到的地方，欢迎讨论，欢迎批评。
2015年4月2日—3日，急草于北京东城之书满为患斋

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