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Jingdong book

野哭:弘光列传

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野哭:弘光列传

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· “有一件材料说一分话”“当时事,当时语”——重返历史性的明亡时刻

Content Description

我对短命仅一载的弘光朝感到不能放下,而想把它重新唤回于人们记忆,于是,钩故索旧、大书特书。《黑洞》把对弘光朝的所感所思,提炼为十个问题。《野哭》则换换方式和角度,借十余位在不同侧面有代表性的人物,来加呈现。被安排于书中露面的,有朱明王朝确切的末代皇帝朱由崧,有弘光枢臣和关键人物史可法,有称为“明代苏武”的左懋第,有以兵变致南明解体的左良玉,有普遍目为南京祸根的阮大铖,有秦淮河畔苦闷的青春叛逆群体,有时代思想高度的体现者黄宗羲,有以十七龄慷慨赴死的少年天才夏完淳,有传奇说书家柳敬亭,有“遗民现象”的典型徐枋等……他们的身份,涉及帝王、武人、士大夫、学生、妓女、艺人、学者、隐士、起义者,还算广泛,覆盖了社会多个层面——李洁非。
Author Description

李洁非,生于安徽合肥。毕业于复旦大学中文系,先后在新华社、中国艺术研究院、中国社会科学院供职。
李洁非明史书系:《龙床:明六帝纪》、《黑洞:弘光纪事》、《野哭:弘光列传》
Comments

李洁非的史传叙事往往不满足于对史实的描述,而是把它作为"有力的思想认识方式和工具";但是,他又很自觉地排斥以义理约束历史叙事的方法,直接用历史材料说明历史。这使得他的史传不仅克服了义理的空疏和概念化,而且区别于通俗历史读物的猎奇和夸张。
——解玺璋(文学评论家)

一部有迹可查的中国古代史,看似上下数千年,周而复始的朝代更迭,轮回再现的治盛衰亡,却每每在长则三五百载、短则一度寒暑的时间跨度内,展示出某种相似到令人心惊的单调节拍。这使历史的经验变得越来越容易被简化,也使历史的惰性显得越来越强大。或许,历史本来就有这么一种机械、乏味的动感。或许,这只是无数述史者机械劳动、重复修辞的一个虚幻的叙事效果。这点悬疑,在李洁非的"明史书系"中,被收缩到一个具体而微的典型样本上,进行了探察和求证。自1644年6月朱由崧于南京即皇帝位,到1645年5月这位弘光帝遭擒于皖,南明弘光朝在历史上的实际存在,直如长河上的一点飞沫般短促、轻忽、微细。但它从无到有、由始至终的过程和远近层叠的相关人事因由,经"史传叙事其表"、"思悟认知其理"的再现与开掘,确实表现出了一种如黑洞般强大的史实和史识的吸纳力。相似的历史画面背后总有迥异的成因,而迥异的成因也总能导致极相似的历史后果;横跨在庙堂和江湖之间的文人集团,对此虽然无力回天,却也难辞其咎。
——《中国作家网》新书推荐,李林荣

李洁非的《徐枋:绝代之隐》(《野哭》之一章),老到,深沉,好读。明清鼎革之际山崩地裂、国破家亡,以明朝遗民身份自认的一批读书人在绝望之中真正陷入了舍身取义的炼狱。洁非筚路蓝缕去伪存真,把有血有肉的舍身,超越胜败和时代的取义记录在案,留下难忘的警世恒言。
——著名作家 李锐
Catalogue

一 朱由崧:偶然的谢幕人
二 左懋第:一个人的证明
三 史可法:抛骨竟无家
四 四镇:孤城落日斗兵稀
五 名姬名士:革命和爱情
六 黄宗羲:裸葬的情怀
七 阮大铖:诗与人
八 夏完淳:才子+英雄
九 柳敬亭:被删改的传奇
十 龚鼎孳:我原要死,小妾不肯
十一 徐汧:士与死
十二 左良玉:杀掠甚于流贼
十三 徐枋:绝代之隐
十四 附:辛巳、壬午开封之围
Book Abstract

名姬名士——革命和爱情
尤其我们现在讲的一段,更有特殊性。
此即崇祯、弘光两朝,它是秦淮香艳的真正鼎盛期。
这个时间点,过去似乎没有如何引起注意。说起秦淮香艳,往往囫囵吞枣地以为是从来如此的悠久现象。其实要做一点细分。单讲作为风月之地,秦淮的历史当然漫长,前引余怀之述显示,光是明代就可从洪武年间算起。然而,从普通风月场向“雅游”之地转化,并非一蹴而就。从现有线索推测,应该是于景泰五年北岸修建贡院之后才有可能。之前的情形,我们虽并不清楚,但从环境本身特点尚不具备来想,崇、弘间旧院那样高、精、尖的极雅妓院,恐怕还是无源之水。贡院之建,加上金陵文化和历史中固有积淀,两者相互氤氲,再经百余年含英咀华,终于崇、弘间达到绚烂的极致。而其为时并不算长,从头到尾不过十几年光景;换言之,真正播于人口的秦淮香艳,不过是明代之尾转瞬即逝的事情。
根据是,我们耳熟能详的秦淮名妓,无一出现在崇祯以前。
《板桥杂记》所记,为“崇祯庚、辛”即庚辰(1640)、辛巳(1641)年之前余怀在秦淮的闻见,这是基本的时间窗。而它所提到的诸姬,时龄多为十来岁。如董小宛、卞赛(玉京)十八岁,李香、李媚都只有十三岁,顾媚(横波夫人)稍长,亦仅二十多岁。另,《板桥杂记》未载之柳如是,据陈寅恪《柳如是别传》:“崇祯十三年庚辰之冬,河东君年二十三。”从年龄看,很显然,明末这一群星璀璨的名妓群体,都是崇祯年间涌现出来;此前,她们或甫临人世,或尚处幼齿,不可能操此业。
由此,我们将所谈的秦淮香艳,做了时间段上的固定。随后,我们还要解释,其道理何在?为什么偏偏是崇祯后,而没有早些出现?刚才说景泰五年北岸建贡院是一大节点,然而从贡院建成到崇祯,中间长达一百七十年,却并没有诞生类似地这样的群星璀璨的名姬群体,为何崇祯以后,却“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开”?难道我们对此,只能以“厚积薄发”之类虚言应对,而没有稍为实证的解释?
这样的解释是有的。我们可以明确指出,秦淮香艳的井喷,完全是因复社的缘故。
为此,要讲一讲崇祯以来的时局。1627年,天启皇帝朱由校一命呜呼,临终传位其弟朱由检,是为崇祯皇帝。随着崇祯践阼,客魏毙命,奄党覆灭,毒雾驱散,荆棘尽扫,惨遭毒狱的东林东山再起,明代政坛上演大逆转。而随此登上历史舞台的,有不少东林之后。在崇祯元年平反冤假错案高潮中,我们看见一批天启党祸冤死诸臣之子的身影,如黄宗羲(黄尊素之子)、袁勋(袁化中之子)、杨之易(杨涟之子)、周茂兰(周顺昌之子)、魏学濂(魏大中之子)。他们各自上书,替父伸冤,其中魏学濂从浙江徒步至京,伏阙讼冤,血书进奏,致“天子改容”。可以说,凭借新朝新政,这些东林后人强劲、抢眼的姿态,跃入社会和历史视野。等大局已定,东林重为朝堂主流,朝堂之外的主导则为复社,而核心骨干恰恰是东林名宿之后。复社之于东林的关系可以这么理解:一是政治上为东林之后备军,二是思想文化上各引导着不同层面——东林“处庙堂之高”,复社“居江湖之远”。东林在庙堂有多大势力,复社在江湖也毫不逊之。
与此相应还有一点:东林纵横驰骋,主要是政治中心北京;复社左右风流,则更多依凭南京这座文化中心。一来这由北京、南京在明朝的不同特色所决定,二来复社老巢本为“吴下”。说到这,有个小故事:
壬申,方密之吴游回,与府君言曰:“吴下事与朝局表里,先辨气类,凡阉党皆在所摈,吾辈奈何奉为盟主?曷早自异诸!”
讲的是方以智劝钱秉镫与阮大铖决裂事。这三人,都是皖中桐城人氏,当时,阮大铖在桐城组建中江社,钱秉镫为其社友。壬申,即崇祯五年,在苏南游历的方以智返桐,带回消息,说那里“与朝局表里,先辨气类”。此语准确描述了复社特征,“朝局”便即东林,言复社以东林为其里,而己为东林之表,“先辨气类”则是一切从政治上划清界限,凡政治上属于奸邪、小人,断不往来。不过,当时这风气还只限于“吴下”,桐城近在咫尺,犹未省之,所以钱秉镫尚与阮大铖共结诗社。经方以智指点,“不习朝事”的钱秉镫,由此知时下潮流,立刻疏远阮大铖,不再参加中江社活动。
眉史氏《复社纪略》之“复社总纲”,有复社酝酿、草创及发展壮大的简要时间表。崇祯二年第一次集会,于苏州尹山湖举行,称“尹山大会”。崇祯三年第二次集会就进军南京,称“金陵大会”。是年,一些复社领袖在科举中全面开花,“乡试,杨廷枢中解元。张溥、吴伟业并经魁。吴昌时、陈子龙并中式。”翌年会试,吴伟业(梅村)高中头名(会元),继而殿试连捷中了榜眼;张溥则为会试“会魁”(大致相当前五名)。由此,复社名声大振。再过一年,即壬申崇祯五年,举行著名的“虎丘大会”,“张溥为盟主,合诸社为一,定名复社。”方以智回乡劝说钱秉镫事,恰在此年,我们推测他不但出席了“虎丘大会”,而且是带着大会精神返乡,将复社影响扩大到江右。
复社开展的政治思想斗争,暂且按下。眼下单讲一个时间问题,即我们已由上述时间表发现,复社崛起与旧院名声鹊起,时间上完全咬合。仅出于偶然,还是确有因果关系?
答案不言而喻。秦淮香艳的大红大紫,诸姬香名大振,根本是因复社名士常做流连、热烈追捧所致。明代过去也不乏风流才子,然而到复社这儿,才称得上“于斯为盛”。因为从不曾有过像这样一个有组织、成规模、盘据日久的名士集团。他们以群体形态出现,声势浩大,能量极为惊人,登高一呼,天下翕然。只要他们热炒,没有哪件事、哪个人不名动天下。
这本是个青春叛逆人群,多世家子,加上时局有利,正在春风得意、挥斥方遒之中,其放浪疏狂、恣肆无忌,人们多少年后说起,仍旧咋舌:
闻复社大集时,四方士之拏舟相赴者,动以千计。山塘上下,途为之塞,社中眉目,往往招邀俊侣,经过赵李。或泛扁舟,张乐欢饮。则野芳浜外,斟酌桥边,酒樽花气,月色波光,相为掩映。
崇祯十年,苏州一个被复社排斥的名叫陆文声的人,上疏告了一状,除政治攻击外,专门提到复社“宴会则酒池肉林”,盖言其一贯声色荡靡。陆文声别有用心,但所指之事并非捏造。复社名士与秦淮诸姬非同一般的关系,后面我们还会详叙,眼下且借一事,觇其大略:
南都新立,有秀水姚澣北若者,英年乐于取友,尽收质库所有私钱,载酒征歌,大会复社同人于秦淮河上,几二千人,聚其文为《国门广业》。时阮集之(大铖)填《燕子笺》传奇,盛行于白门(南京)。是日,勾队未有演此者。故北若诗云:“柳岸花溪澹泞天,恣携红袖放镫(灯)船。梨园弟子觇人意,队队停歌燕子笺。”
这个姚澣(表字北若),本人无甚名堂,但很以结交名人为幸。他想讨复社的欢心,竟倾其家产,在秦淮河上搞一次两千人规模大聚会,并征集诗文成其一书以为纪念。关于同一件事,我们正好有一位在场者作见证,他叫陈梁(表字则梁),曾与张明弼(表字公亮)、冒辟疆等人结为兄弟,《同人集》收有他几十通书信或便条,都与当时南京复社活动有关,其中一个条子,是通知冒辟疆来参加这次“十二楼船大会”的:
姚北若以十二楼船,大会《国门广业》,不特海内名人咸集,曲中殊艳共二十余人,无一不到,真胜事也!辟疆即来,我辈舟中勒卣代作主也。
勒卣即周勒卣,与陈子龙等并为“云间六子”(云间,松江古称)。至于“曲中”,余怀已讲过就是旧院的别称。从姚澣想出的讨好的点子与方式,我们便知复社同人们所好是什么了——这天,姚澣居然把旧院二十多位“殊艳”都请来,“无一不到”,可见他确下了大本钱,更可见复社与旧院关系确不一般。
……

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Brand Jingdong book
Brand Origin China

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  • United States

    Standard Shipping is $5.99 (Excluding Alaska & Hawaii). Free on orders of $49 or more.

    Local Express is $5.99 (Available in Parts of CA, NJ, MA & PA). Free on orders of $49 or more.

    2-Day Express (Includes Alaska & Hawaii) starts at $19.99.

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Yami Cross-store Free Shipping over $69
Yami 30-days Return

Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Yami

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book