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Jingdong book

部落动物:关于男人、女人和两性文化的心理学

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部落动物:关于男人、女人和两性文化的心理学

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从社会心理和文化角度透析两性关系
揭露“主导”社会的男人被“压榨”的真相
积极心理学之父马丁?塞利格曼、《华尔街日报》 《今日心理学》、耶鲁大学和商界专家联袂推荐
畅销书《意志力》(Willpower)作者的作品

Content Description

做男人意味着什么?男人和女人的真正差别在哪里?这个秘密,一直隐藏在我们生活的各个角落:进化、人际、心理、婚恋、职场、商业……回溯到部落时代。《部落动物:关于男人、女人和两性文化的心理学》告诉我们:人类创造的文化,将男人作为消耗品,鼓励其激烈竞争、优胜劣汰,以胜过其他文化、得以发展和存续。直到今天,现代男人和女人身上依然保留着远古遗风,而我们的社会也依然保留着祖先的痕迹。我们都是部落动物。

Author Description

罗伊 F. 鲍迈斯特,佛罗里达州州立大学心理学教授、社会心理学毕业课题组带头人。他的研究涉及多个领域,包括自我和身份、自我调节、人际排斥和对归属的需要、性与性别、侵犯、自尊、意义和自我呈现。
他著有超过500篇论文,被科学信息研究所(ISI)列为世界少数最有影响力的心理学家之一。他也是21本图书的作者或主编,包括畅销书《意志力》(Willpower)。

Catalogue

译者序
致谢
第一章 旧事重提
我们不是在谈……
两性战争可休矣
“女权主义”那些事儿
被放大的敌意
他,她与它
这是一个由男人统治的世界吗?
双刃剑
他和她,选择不同
第二章 孰优?孰劣?
“人咬狗”
三种主流观点
女人与科学家
天才与弱智
会“撒谎”的统计数据
第四种观点
性别与权衡
第三章 “能不能”与“想不想”
能力差别有多大?
真正的差异在哪
我就是喜欢
性--原始驱动力
关于工作
女人与爵士乐
第四章 背后的真相
原始人的性别比
物竞天择,适者“繁衍”
谁更有胜算?
征服欲
追求卓越
权衡特质
探究“两极模式”
第五章 谁是社交高手?
新闻背后
女人和男人,谁是社交高手?
换个视角看人际
小圈子,大圈子
要不要袒露心声?
要不要委婉表达?
要不要平均分配?
要不要保持合作?
要不要相互分担?
不同的自我概念
不同的是非观
除此之外
第六章 文化如何运转
我们为什么需要文化
文化是什么
文化系统,让生活更美好
文化的成功策略之一:信息化
文化的成功策略之二:专门化
文化的成功策略之三:市场化
男人、女人与文化
文化如何“要”?
文化“要”什么
小结
第七章 男人,女人与文化--不平等的根源
我们因何至此
一种新的解释
回溯:性别不平等的根源
上升还是下降?
男人与分娩
男人与专利
男人与银行
究竟是谁和谁的战争?
如何看待偏见
如何看待压迫
历史与现状
让我们公平地对待彼此吧!
第八章 可以牺牲掉的人,可以一次性消费的生命
谁是宝贵的?
“甚至包括妇女和儿童”
打仗的时候,爸爸去哪了?
越过前线
走向性别平等?
为什么男人可以被牺牲掉?
如何理解男人的两极模式
由小人物组成的大型组织
澄清一些误解
一条生命的价值
男人:文化的牺牲品
死亡的意义
冒险的意愿
可牺牲性和不平等性
第九章 赢得男子气概,以及男性自负
真的有双重标准
不确定的男子气概
你是在对我说话吗?
荣誉场
如何成为一个男人
系统拿走的
这份工作脏兮兮的,但是……
为伟大而奋斗
女人的状况如何呢?
对男人的影响:男性自负
主动的男人
文化如何得偿所愿
尊重的缺乏
第十章 透过婚姻和性看男人
我们都误解了男人的性欲
性驱力
与性欲共存
性生活是有益的
必须有人主动
男人的性欲不只是为了性
文化和性
金钱、女人和孩子
两性经济学
不愿承担责任
不能兑现的承诺
第十一章 还有什么?接下来是什么?
一个没有男人的世界会是什么样子?
男人,文化的象征符号
构建巨无霸
男人供养女人
男生女生
男人的品质在下降?
性别与政治
少工作,同薪酬?
战争,孩子与科学
男人的选择,女人的选择
年轻男人们的现在与未来
迈向更美好的未来
参考文献

Book Abstract

两性战争可休矣
本书也绝非要挑起“两性的战争”。且不说哪一方获胜,我觉得“战争”这个词本身就很糟糕,“战争”意味着男人和女人站在对立面,是天敌;意味着双方都在绞尽脑汁、想方设法地打压对方。我觉得,这个观点是关于两性关系的最大误区。
女权主义思潮使我们逐渐接受了这样一个观点:因为女人的成功让男人感到威胁,所以男人一直都在压制女人。但是,事实并非如此。男人与女人在大多数事情上是友好合作的。在现实生活中,大多数女人也没把男人看成敌人——除了极少数受到女权主义思潮严重影响的人。同样的,大多数男人也没把女人当敌人。唉!其实只要一起生活在这个地球上,不管男的女的,哪有不磕磕碰碰的。
本书的目的之一,就是重新阐释两性关系——男人与女人是合作互补的,而不是敌对关系。几年前,当我开始研究“文化如何塑造男人”时,一次会议发言结束后,一位同事跑过来对我说,他对我的话深有感触。他是一名团体心理治疗师,在20多年的职业生涯中,他组织了许多只有男性参加的心理治疗团体。这么多年了,他从未听到这些男人询问怎样剥削压迫女人,也从没听他们说不想让女人在事业上取得成功,如此种种。这不是因为大家不关注女人,实际上,他们谈起女人来滔滔不绝。他们在团体中提的问题五花八门:比如,男人怎样才能理解女人;怎样更好地与女人相处;怎样做才能抓住女人的心;怎样与女人建立或修复关系,诸如此类。这与女权主义者的假设大相径庭。
也许,女人们凑到一起会谈论男人,把他们当成敌人。但是,即便如此,这跟女权主义者说的性别战争是两码事儿。
我曾经在俄亥俄州的一所很棒的私立大学——凯斯西储大学,做过多年的研究工作。那里的工作氛围很好,尤其是那儿的老师和学生对所谓的政治不感兴趣。我在凯斯西储工作期间曾经发生过一件很有意思的事情。当时,学校的行政机构出于对年轻女教师权益的保护,决定发起一个支持女教师职业生涯发展的项目。
解释一下,在大学里有一个“年轻教员”(Juniof faculty)的称呼专指那些没有拿到终身教职的年轻教师。“年轻教员”阶段是人生中一个颇为难熬的时期。你不再是学生,没有人告诉你该怎么做,你必须打起十二分精神去应付各种事物——给学生上课、为机构出力、指导学生、管理实验室、收数据、发论文等,这一切对于女教师来说,尤其困难。与此同时,那些拿到终身教职的人给予的帮助还不够。想想看,女教师要赶在40岁之前成家,工作与家庭都要兼顾,所以她们的压力很大。
……
Introduction

人人生而平等,也生而不同,具有诸多个体差异。在众多个体差异中,性别差异是最为显著的。在中国几千年的历史长河中,女性的社会地位一直居于男性之下,处于附庸的位置。很多词汇形容男女之间的地位差异为:“男尊女卑”“男主外、女主内”“三从四德”“夫为妻纲”等。随着新中国的建立,改革开放的全面展开,男女平等的理念已经在中国社会上深入人心,中国女性的地位也发生了巨大的变化。
虽然目前我们看到处于社会顶层的高级官员、大企业家等多为男性,但是,女性的社会地位已经有了非常大的改善,她们也在积极地进入社会工作和生活的各个领域,成为各个领域的精英人才。从世界范围看,中国对男女平等观念的坚守和执行都是有目共睹的。“世界经济论坛”发布的《2012年全球性别差距报告》中提到,北欧国家名列榜首,中国位列第69位在中游水平。虽然我国从法律上、理念上和政策上都提倡男女平等,且男女平等在教育、就业等方面有了很大的进步;但是,我们也要承认中国要真正实现男女平等,还有一段路要走。
男女平等是社会上一个比较敏感的话题。不管是找工作还是考研,面试的时候我们经常会听到“男士优先”“只限男生”等带有性别歧视的指示语,有些虽然没有做得这么露骨,但是大家也都心照不宣。歧视女性的行为、男女不平等的观念应该是我们现代社会所禁止的,但是我们都知道它也是实实在在存在的。
就目前的情况来看,我们只知道男女不平等,性别歧视是客观存在的。但是我们很多人不知道是什么原因导致了男女不平等,另外,我们一说到男女不平等,就默认是对女性不公平,我们经常忽略的是:是否对男性也存在不公平呢?
罗伊撰写的这本书对一系列的问题做了非常详尽的剖析和解释。
男女之间的差异到底在哪些方面?
男性的能力比女性强吗?
为了达到社会顶层,男性和女性哪个更愿意作出牺牲呢?
为什么社会顶层和底层中男人更多?
是什么让男人有如此大的动力去奋斗和前进,即使是前景未知、胜算渺茫?
女人的社交能力比男人更强吗?
文化是男女性别差异的根源吗?
为什么繁荣文化一定要牺牲男人?
我是“男人”需要证明吗?
男人和女人谁更需要性?
我们认为,本书从一个全新的视角阐述了男女性别问题,虽然言辞有些犀利,但是其中不乏闪光的观点。作者的有些观点我们持保留态度,但是我们不能因为不同意某个观点而放弃了解它们。差异性的观点是科学发展的重要动力,也是科学最为吸引入的地方。希望这本书的内容能够对您有所启发,能够让我们更为客观、科学地看待性别差异。
此书得以顺利的翻译和出版,首先要感谢机械工业出版社廖岩等同志的支持和帮助,同时也非常感谢出版社给我们提供了宽松的翻译环境。此外,我还要感谢我的几名研究生和本科生:刘洁、袁荔、纪薇薇、徐焕然和范成竹,本书初稿的翻译工作主要是由他们完成的,最后的审校、通稿和定稿工作由我和刘洁共同完成。虽然已经尽力,但由于译者水平有限,书中内容难免有疏漏和值得商榷之处,恳请各位专家和读者朋友批评指正。
刘聪慧
2014年春

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