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Jingdong book

基因与人格

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Jingdong book

基因与人格

Name: 基因与人格
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3116014301
Price: 23.67 USD
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（1）《基因与人格》从遗传、进化的角度为你揭秘人格的基因密码，探讨与特定人格特征相关的特定基因，分析现实生活中择偶偏好、择偶策略的性别差异等人格差异如何进化而来，是一本兼具趣味性的科学读物。
（2）《基因与人格》节选自《人格心理学》，该书由我国著名心理学家郭永玉教授翻译推荐，他在人格领域内从事研究已多年，对人格的发展形成了深刻的认识，确保了本书的科学价值和翻译质量，语言表达准确流畅。
（3）在写作风格上，《基因与人格》的作者将理论和实践、科学和经验相结合，用通俗的语言和深入浅出的方式为大家解读人格。
（4）《基因与人格》的作者兰迪·拉森和戴维·巴斯是当今人格心理学界的著名人物。尤其是巴斯是当今进化心理学中的领军人物，其有关进化心理学的著作深受广大读者欢迎。
（5）本书适合心理学专业学生和对人格感兴趣的普通读者。

Content Description

《基因与人格》选取《人格心理学：人性的科学探索》（第2 版）中的“人格的生物学领域”单独成册，为那些对人格感兴趣的读者提供了轻便的版本。
《基因与人格》关注影响人格和受人格影响的生理因素，涉及到遗传学、生理系统和进化论。遗传学取向探讨遗传如何影响人格，基因是否影响着我们的活动性，是否暴躁、不友好，是喜欢社交还是偏好独处等人格特质，以及基因和环境如何相互作用。生理学取向探讨大脑的活动水平、皮肤电活动等生理唤醒水平如何解释和影响焦虑和神经质、内向和外向等人格特质，早晨型-夜晚型的人有何差异，以及大脑的不对称性与情绪类型的关系等。人格的进化观探讨在漫长的进化过程中，人格发展是否也体现了自然选择法则，助人性、群体归属感的寻求，女性在择偶时的挑剔性等人格特质是否是适应的产物。
《基因与人格》是一本非常有意思的读物，兼具科学性与趣味性，适合一切对人性感兴趣的专业和大众读者。

Author Description

兰迪·拉森(Randy J. Laresen)，目前，拉森是圣路易斯华盛顿大学的心理学系主任、人类价值与道德系的William R. Stuckenberg教授，教授人格心理学及其他课程。1987年获得心理健康国家研究院颁发的科学研究发展奖；1992年被美国心理学会授予人格心理学学术新人杰出科学成就奖。拉森是美国国家健康研究院数个科学评审小组的成，他对于人格心理学的研究得到了心理健康国家研究院、国家科学基金、认知神经科学的McDonnell基金以及Solon Summerfield基金的资助。2000年，他当选为美国中西部心理学会主席。

戴维·巴斯(David M. Buss)，于1981年在伯克利加州大学获得博士学位。他曾就职于哈佛大学和密歇根大学，1996年开始执教于奥斯汀德州大学。1988年获得美国心理学会授予的人格心理学学术新人杰出科学成就奖， 1990年被美国心理学会授予G. Stanley Hall奖，2001年获得美国心理学会颁发的杰出科学教授奖。巴斯的著作包括：《欲望的演化：人类的择偶策略》（修订版），该书被译为10种语言；《进化心理学：心理的新科学》（第四版），该书获得Robert W. Hamilton图书奖；《危险的激情：为什么嫉妒与爱和性一样是必需的》，该书被译为13种语言。

Comments

这是市面上较好的一本当代人格心理学教材。作者不但给学生提供了一本特别易懂和有趣的教材，还表达了自己对当代人格心理学的独到见解。
——迈克尔·鲍德温（弗雷斯诺加州州立大学）（Michael Botwin，California State University-Fresno）

Catalogue

导言

遗传学与人格
1. 人类基因组
2. 基因与人格关系之争
3. 行为遗传学的目标
4. 什么是遗传率
5. 行为遗传学的研究方法
6. 行为遗传学研究的主要发现
7. 共享环境与非共享环境的影响：一个难解之谜
8. 基因和环境
9. 分子遗传学
10. 行为遗传学、科学、政治和价值观

人格的生理学取向
11. 谢尔顿的人格生理学研究
12. 人格研究中常用的生理测量法
13. 以生理为基础的人格维度

人格的进化观
14. 进化与自然择
15. 进化心理学
16. 人性
17. 性别差异
18. 个体差异
19. 大五理论和与进化相关的适应性问题

Book Abstract

基因和族内适应性
基因是DNA 的汇聚体，由子代从亲代处继承而来。基因是最小的、完整的、通过后代传递的遗传信息单位。将基因作为遗传信息单位促成了另一个重大的发现：自然选择和性选择并不是两个独立的过程。现代的进化生物学家们认为，进化过程是通过相异基因复制来实现的。相异基因复制是指相对于其他基因而得以成功复制的现象。与复制较少的基因相比，复制较多的基因相对来说更有可能被传递给下一代。因为生存对成功繁衍来说很重要，所以导致更多可能存活的特征会得到传递。求偶也是成功繁衍的关键，所以能在同性内部竞争中获胜或优先被择为配偶的特征也会得到传递。因此，成功生存和竞偶成功是相异基因复制的两个方面。
因此，那些能导致较多繁殖的基因特征被选择，并随时间而进化。从这个意义上说，生存的重要性在于它是基因复制所必需的。然而，许多生物学家坚持认为，自然（生存）选择和性选择是有区别的，因为它们有助于区分两种重要的适应，即帮助个体生存（如对蛇的恐惧）和帮助个体繁衍（如雄鹿抵角相斗）的适应。建立在相异基因复制基础上的现代进化理论被称为族内适应性理论。“inclusive”是指不影响个体的繁殖却有助于基因复制的特征，它们可能会影响亲属的生存和繁衍。例如，假如你冒着生命危险去保护妹妹或其他亲属，那么就能使她更好地生存和繁衍。因为你和妹妹有着共享基因（兄弟姐妹平均有50%共享基因），帮助她们生存和繁衍也就等于传播了自己的基因（成功的基因复制）。帮助这一特质之所以能够进化的关键条件是：作为帮助行为代价的自身繁殖机会的损失必须小于与亲属共享基因得以复制的特征，它们可能会影响亲属的生存和繁衍。例如，假如你冒着生命危险去保护妹妹或其他亲属，那么就能使她更好地生存和繁衍。因为你和妹妹有着共享基因（兄弟姐妹平均有50%共享基因），帮助她们生存和繁衍也就等于传播了自己的基因（成功的基因复制）。
帮助这一特质之所以能够进化的关键条件是：作为帮助行为代价的自身繁殖机会的损失必须小于与亲属共享基因得以复制的收益。以跳进湍急的河流中去救落水的妹妹为例，根据帮助行为的进化选择机制，你救起她的概率必须双倍于你被淹死的概率，这样你才会冒着生命危险跳水救她。因此，族内适应性可以说是个体的成功繁衍（通俗来说就是你的后代的数量）加上你对血缘亲属繁衍施加的影响，这一影响的大小取决于血缘关系的远近程度。族内适应性让你为血缘亲属的利益去冒险，但不至于过度冒险。族内适应性理论是对达尔文进化论的扩展和深化，代表了在理解人类特质上取得的重要进展，如利他主义。
……

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