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文化与人格

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文化与人格

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1、《文化与人格》探讨人格如何影响我们的社会交往,以及性别、文化等因素如何影响人格,内容丰富有趣,让你更好地理解自己和他人,促进人际交往的和谐性。

2、《文化与人格》在写作风格上,作者将理论和实践、科学和经验相结合,用通俗的语言深入浅出的方式为大家解读人格。

3、《文化与人格》节选自《人格心理学:人性的科学探索》,由我国著名心理学家郭永玉教授翻译推荐,他在人格领域内从事研究已多年,对人格的发展形成了深刻的认识,确保了本书的科学价值和翻译质量,语言表达准确流畅。

4、《文化与人格》的作者兰迪·拉森和戴维·巴斯是当今人格心理学界的著名人物,他们的《人格心理学:人性的科学探索》是市面上较好的一本当代人格心理学教材,不但给学生提供了一本特别易懂和有趣的教材,还表达了自己对当代人格心理学的独到见解。

5、《文化与人格》是一本科学性和趣味性都很强的读物。


Content Description

《文化与人格》选取《人格心理学:人性的科学探索》中的“人格的社会/ 文化领域”单独成册,强调对性、性别差异、人际交往和社会文化的理解。
《文化与人格》探讨了人格影响人际交往的三种方式:选择、唤起和操控。不同的人会选择特定的社会情境,唤起他人的不同反应,通过不同的操控策略来影响他人。
《文化与人格》告诉我们性别在人际交往中的重要性,指出了男性和女性在择偶和性问题上有哪些不同,同时探讨了文化因素的深层次影响。
Author Description

兰迪·拉森(Randy J. Laresen) ,目前,拉森是圣路易斯华盛顿大学的心理学系主任、人类价值与道德系的William R. Stuckenberg教授,教授人格心理学及其他课程。1987年获得心理健康国家研究院颁发的科学研究发展奖;1992年被美国心理学会授予人格心理学学术新人杰出科学成就奖。拉森是美国国家健康研究院数个科学评审小组的成,他对于人格心理学的研究得到了心理健康国家研究院、国家科学基金、认知神经科学的McDonnell基金以及Solon Summerfield基金的资助。2000年,他当选为美国中西部心理学会主席。

戴维·巴斯(David M. Buss) ,于1981年在伯克利加州大学获得博士学位。他曾就职于哈佛大学和密歇根大学,1996年开始执教于奥斯汀德州大学。1988年获得美国心理学会授予的人格心理学学术新人杰出科学成就奖, 1990年被美国心理学会授予G. Stanley Hall奖,2001年获得美国心理学会颁发的杰出科学教授奖。巴斯的著作包括:《欲望的演化:人类的择偶策略》(修订版),该书被译为10种语言;《进化心理学:心理的新科学》(第四版),该书获得Robert W. Hamilton图书奖;《危险的激情:为什么嫉妒与爱和性一样是必需的》,该书被译为13种语言。

译者简介:
郭永玉,心理学博士,现任华中师范大学心理学院教授、博士生导师。兼任教育部高校心理学教学指导委员会委员,中国心理学会理事,中国心理学会人格心理学分会副会长,中国心理学会理论心理学与心理学史分会副会长,中国心理学会教学工作委员会委员,湖北省心理学会常务理事,《心理科学》、《心理学探新》、《心理研究》等期刊编委。美国Institute of Transpersonal Psychology(ITP)访问学者,武汉大学哲学博士后,英国University of Leicester访问教授。先后在国内外学术期刊上发表论文90余篇,出版专著、译著及主编或参编学术著作或教材10余部,获得全国教育科学研究优秀成果奖、全国教育图书奖、湖北省社会科学优秀成果奖、湖北省优秀教师、湖北省教学成果奖等多项奖励。

Catalogue

人格与社会交往
1.选择
2.唤起
3.操控:社会影响的策略
4.自恋与社会交往
5.回顾:人格与社会交往概观
性、性别与人格
6.性与性别研究的科学和政治
7.人格的性别差异
8.男性化、女性化、双性化与性别角色
9.性别差异的理论
文化与人格
10.文化违例:一个例证
11.什么是文化人格心理学
12.文化的三种主要研究取向
Book Abstract

跨越鸿沟:跨文化婚姻心理学
来自不同文化的人相遇或相爱会发生什么?我们可能会认为,文化之间的差异越大,婚姻的潜在困难就越大。一些心理学家认为,事实上男性和女性本来就生活于不同的“文化”之中。因此,在某种程度上,所有异性之间的结合都是跨文化的。再加上其他的文化差异,
如语言、宗教、种族、政治与阶层,你会发现这些巨大分歧可能会使跨文化婚姻解体。不同文化之间还有社会学和法律上的差异。例如,某些国家不承认包办婚姻(例如德国),但在某些国家中包办婚姻是非常普遍的(例如印度)。事实上,在印度的某些地区,自由恋爱的婚姻(以爱情为基础的婚姻)被视为不正常的、卑劣的。因爱而结合的伴侣可能会受到歧视和诋毁。
社会心理学家对跨文化婚姻做了详细的阐述。在整本书中,他们重点关注文化差异如何挑战跨文化婚姻。例如,许多关于食物和饮食的文化传统。在某些文化中,丈夫接受妻子的服务,在妻子之前进餐。而来自其他不同文化的男性可能会礼貌地等待妻子,在妻子进餐之前根本不会去碰自己的食物。假如妻子是来自丈夫应先进餐的文化,她可能会猜测丈夫对她准备的食物不满,或者觉得事情有些不对头,因为他没有在她之前进餐。一种文化中的礼貌行为,在另一种文化中可能被视为不满的信号。
在跨文化婚姻的日常生活中有许多这样的细小差异。例如,谈话的方式、个人隐私、穿着、空间利用、关注、礼貌、对丈夫和妻子的角色期待、教育孩子的信念和方法、甚至什么样的婚姻是“好的”等等。例如,某些文化认为,大家庭也是配偶生活中的一部分,甚至会和其家庭成员同在一间卧室里休息。在这些文化中,你并不仅仅是与某一个人结婚,你是与他(她)的家庭结婚。
根据拉森等人的研究,跨文化婚姻最大的挑战来自于母语的差异。例如,他们报告了这样一个案例:来自东欧的妻子对丈夫说:“你好烦啊”,其实她的本意是:“你是不是很烦?”当然,良好的交流对任何婚姻来说都是相当重要的。但当一个人必须用另一种语言经营婚姻时,那么配偶间就很可能会有充满误解的雷区。其次,即便是在交流内容非常准确的时候,口音太重也会导致误解。用另一种语言交流需要心智努力。如果在很疲劳或有强烈情绪的状态下(范围可以从愤怒到狂喜),一个人可能无法很好地用第二语言进行交流。
在寻求跨文化婚姻的意义时,拉森等人认为,除了挑战,心理学家也应考虑跨文化婚姻的积极特征和可能性。例如,当涉及性别角色、家庭关系、语言应用、儿童教养,以及日常的生活方式时,跨文化婚姻中的夫妇比单一文化下的夫妇有更广泛的选择余地。尽管这种选择很可能带来冲突,但也带来了关系的多样性。选择一部分他们各自所崇尚的、并希望保持的原有文化,夫妻双方通过协商可以为他们的家庭营造一种新的“婚姻文化”。更广泛的文化实践选择当然是这一关系中值得庆贺的部分。跨文化婚姻的孩子会经历独特的困难,不过他们可以在两种文化认同中选择一种、甚至轮换。
跨文化婚姻至少在两个方面引起了人格心理学家的兴趣。一个问题是:什么样的人最有可能与本文化以外的人结婚?是否有些人格变量会吸引与个体不同文化的人?另一个问题关注过程,在跨文化婚姻中发生了什么,从而使它与单一文化下的婚姻有所不同?两个人是如何分享这种差异,并互相适应的?是否有某种方式让人们可以从自己的文化中释放出来,并促成新的跨文化婚姻关系?当人们生活在国外、用外语经营婚姻时,如何保持对自我的认同和理解?
历史上一直存在着跨文化婚姻。这似乎是必然的,人们会寻找并爱上一个来自遥远地方的人。但是,今天跨文化婚姻所面临的问题有所改变。在过去,可能更多的困难与社会阶层(如罗米欧与朱丽叶)、不被某一方的家庭所接受(例如英国的爱德华八世,为了迎娶沃利斯·沃菲尔德· 辛普森这个离过两次婚的美国人,宁愿放弃王位)、宗教或种族联系在一起。在20 世纪的大部分时间里,按照美国大多数地区的法律规定,不同种族(黑人和白人)间通婚是不合法的。但是现在这已经被普遍地视为一种个人选择,黑人和白人通婚已被社会最高层所接受。同时,其他因素,如移民法、社会经济地位、种族,对建立成功的跨文化婚姻有着更复杂的影响。
在很多方面,文化间的界限已经越来越模糊,尤其是在欧洲共同体内。另一方面,也存在许多由文化差异所带来的仇恨,以及它所引发的战争与种族冲突。这些仇恨会妨碍跨文化婚姻中不同文化结合的时机,甚至是妨碍这种结合的可接受性。在南斯拉夫有一个很好的例子,穆斯林与塞尔维亚人通婚,或者塞尔维亚人与克罗地亚人之间的通婚都曾经是普遍的、被接受的。但是自从1991 年南斯拉夫解体以后,冲突就出现了,科索沃、波斯尼亚、蒙特尼哥罗地区发生了巨大的社会变革。甚至产生了一个新词:巴尔干化,意指经过一段时间的和平时期与社会变革以后社会再度隔离。各种文化中的巴尔干化会导致跨文化婚姻生活的困难。
……

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