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Jingdong book

做你自己的心理治疗师

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做你自己的心理治疗师

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如何在8周内让你的想法、感受和行为焕然一新;
这是一本会让你成为自己和他人的“鼓励咨询师”的书;
本书是正面管教的基本理念在成人关系中的一次全新应用和拓展。
借助《做你自己的心理治疗师》的指导和帮助,你可以实现真正的自我疗愈,本书将帮助你开启一个有助于你改变自己的人生和人际关系的赋予你自己力量的模式。

Content Description

当我们还是孩子时,我们所有人都做出了一系列的决定,我们常常意识不到自己在做出或者在存储这些决定,但这些早期决定却构成了我们的“核心信念”或“个人逻辑”。在阅读本书故事和参与本书活动的过程中,你会开始注意到人们小时候所做出的潜在无意识的决定对他们当下生活产生的影响,而鼓励咨询师们则懂得如何走进这些内在孩童,并帮助重新养育他们,以便他们能够长大。
本书共8章,每章为一周。每一章都遵循相同的模式:识别你成长和改变的障碍;尝试一种或几种改变的选择;进行一种建议活动。综合起来,每一章都是一个完整的体系,以帮助你彻底找出问题所在,并做出会给你生活带来幸福和满足的改变。

Author Description

琳·洛特(Lynn Lott),心理学硕士,婚姻和家庭执业心理治疗师,具有在全球提供心理治疗服务的丰富经历,是超过20本著作的作者。

芭芭拉·曼登霍尔(Barbara Mendenhall),具有25年家庭心理医生、教育工作者、培训师、作者的经历。

Catalogue

致 谢
引 言
第1周 如果你愿意,就能改变
第2周 你怎样成为了你
第3周 你怎样成为了你
第4周 你的行为对你有帮助吗?
第5周 乌龟,老鹰,变色龙和狮子,天啊!
第6周 寻找童年记忆中隐藏的“黄金”
第7周 如何让你的想法、感受和行为焕然一新
第8周 呵护和培养健康的人际关系
结 语

Book Abstract

第5 周 乌龟,老鹰,变色龙和狮子,天啊!
你是狮子、老鹰、变色龙,还是乌龟?想要一探究竟吗?这是你作为一名鼓励咨询师将学到并用到的最有趣的概念之一。很多人都认为每个人都是一模一样的,并且认为如果别人的行为方式是你不喜欢的,就意味着他们是难相处的人。一旦你更多地理解了我们所说的“顶牌”(Top Card),你就会认识到四种不同的性格类型。要改善关系,每种性格类型所需要的关心和“给养”是不同的。这种了解将有助于你更接纳他人的现实和你自己的特质。
本周,你将发现,当感受到压力和恐惧时,你有时候会如何通过自我保护来阻止自己做出改变。你将学会如何识别自己的顶牌,理解当你使用它的时候会发生什么,并且认识到你可以通过面对恐惧来打破自己对于改变的抗拒。我们会让你看到,打出你的顶牌是如何影响你的重要人际关系的,并且我们会介绍一些能带来更多合作和更少对抗的做出改变的方式。一旦你能以这种方式更好地了解自己,你就会认识到你可以在多大程度上运用顶牌来鼓励他人。
是时候跳进来、飞进来、爬进来或游进来啦。为了识别你是哪种动物,你需要对“压力”有所了解。这是每个人都在使用的一个常见词,但通常与我们认为的不一样。下图表明的是我们对“压力”的理解:它是“你认为生活应该是什么样”与“生活实际是什么样”之间的距离。两者之间的差距越大,你的压力就越大。
你认为生活应该是什么样
压力
生活实际是什么样
我们提到的每一种动物处理压力的方式都是不同的。狮子可能咆哮或攻击;老鹰可能飞回巢里或在高空盘旋;变色龙会改变颜色来融入环境;而乌龟会游走或缩回壳里。在没有压力时,这些动物可能会展现出各种各样的行为,但他们在有压力时的做法就是我们所说的“打出顶牌”。这就像你在扑克牌游戏中选择一张影响胜负的牌。这是一种自我保护的行为,是一种不加思索或计划的下意识反应。当生活与期望不符时,为了应对有压力的情形,狮子往往会寻求把事情做对,老鹰会寻求逃避现实并拖延,变色龙会寻求取悦别人,乌龟则寻求避免冲突。在有压力时,乌龟还可能咬掉同类的脑袋——或者猛咬一口让对方四处逃窜!
觉察活动——你是哪种动物?
这里有一种发现你个人顶牌的最快的方法。在一张挂纸上画四个盒子。在每个盒子上画一些蝴蝶结。在每个盒子里标出相应的内容,一个盒子里装的是“压力和痛苦”,一个是“拒绝和争吵”,一个是“无意义和无足轻重”,最后一个是“批评和嘲笑”。想象这四个包裹被送到了你家门口。你的任务是把其中三个包裹拿进屋里处理里面的东西。你可以选择将哪个留在门廊里不用打开,以便你永远不必处理其中的内容。
你会把这四个盒子中的哪一个留在外面不作处理呢?不必多想。只需选出一个看上去最接近的。如果你认为自己选错了,稍后你可以改变主意。
如果你选择了“压力和痛苦”,你的性格类型就是乌龟,你的顶牌被称作“安逸/逃避”。你选的是“拒绝和争吵”吗?如果是,你的顶牌就是“取悦”,你就像变色龙。对于选择了“无意义和无足轻重”的人来说,你们是狮子,你们的顶牌被称作“力争优秀”。最后,选择了“批评和嘲笑”的人是老鹰,你们的顶牌是“控制”。
在你改变主意之前,要审视一下第96~99页顶牌表。如果在看了你选择的那张牌之后,你发现表格里的信息似乎不适合自己,那就继续看,直到你发现最符合你对自己认识的那张牌。大多数人在看了这个表格之后都能比较容易地发现自己符合其中的某一个。如果你依然很困惑,那就简单选择任意一张牌作为假设。以后你可以随时重新选择另外一张。
人们经常问自己的顶牌是否会改变。如果你一开始选择的顶牌不对,它会改变。但是,一旦你将自己选择的范围缩小到某一张牌上,它就不大可能会改变了。然而,你可能会有第二张牌,会在自己没有压力时打出来。这张牌是你平时的风格。有时候,这张牌反映的是你会把哪个包裹留在门廊上时的第二选择。
觉察活动——使用顶牌表
如果你还没有看顶牌表,现在就是一个好机会。圈出每一栏里符合你的那些特点。想一想你的顶牌动物,以及你们都具有的特征。要提醒自己,你的顶牌没有好坏之分,但对顶牌的觉察对你很有帮助。
觉察活动——缩小压力
这里有一个帮助你减轻压力的简单活动。拿出一张纸。在这张纸的上方,用几个词写出你认为生活应该是什么样。在这张纸的下方,写出生活实际是什么样。注意这两种描述的区别。它们离得有多远?它们之间的“距离”就是你的压力水平。如果它们差异很大——对大多数人来说都是如此——试试这样做:
1.把这张纸的下半部分往上折,使“生活实际是什么样”紧贴到“生活应该是什么样”的下面。
2.现在,你看到这两张“图”紧挨上了,你有什么感受和想法?此时,大多数人都会开始大笑并且感觉平静多了。很多人会说出这样的话:“我不再为此困扰了,我要接纳事情实际的样子。”
当你打出自己的顶牌时
只要你能感受到归属感和价值感,你的行为方式就会既满足情形的要求,又对自己和他人有益:你就是在运用自己的顶牌的优点。当你认为自己的归属感和自我价值感受到威胁时,你会感到压力和恐惧,并且会本能地做出反应,以保护自己。你会表现出自己的顶牌的缺点,以试图保护自己并保持自己的归属感和自我价值感不受损害。不幸的是,在这么做的时候,你就会让自己得到那些你力图避免的东西(压力和痛苦、无意义和无足轻重、拒绝和争吵,或批评和嘲笑)。如果你的顶牌是安逸/逃避,你会通过避免处理一些情形来寻找一个舒适区。如果你的顶牌是控制,你会试图控制自己的感受、情形或其他人。如果你的顶牌是取悦,你会试图弄清楚怎样才能让别人高兴,以满足他们的心愿。最后,如果你的顶牌是力争优秀,你会努力把事情做到非常优秀或完美,从而找到意义和重要性,或者你会试图让别人看到或去做你认为重要的事情。
你的顶牌显示了你最害怕的是什么,以及当你相信这些恐惧已经发生或即将发生时,你会怎么做。它是你的优点的一览表——你最可爱和最好的那些方面——也是你的缺点——你会“搬起石头砸自己脚”的一些行为方式——的催化剂。对于顶牌的理解,有助于你知道如何基于每个人的不同给予他们鼓励,以及按照适合你自己的方式向别人请求鼓励。你会停止与别人作比较和感到绝望,因为你会认识到每个人都有优点和不足、长处和短处,以及需要改进的地方。
你是如何学会打出顶牌的
花些时间观察婴幼儿。你会注意到他们怎样观察身边所发生的事情、尝试一些事情,并在之后研究他们得到的回应。由于他们只有很少的生活经历或语言能力,他们对自己、别人和世界得出的结论或做出的“决定”是以自己的感受以及他人的姿势和声音为基础的。当他们感觉到不舒服或受威胁的时候,他们会做出相应的行为。
例如,一个孩子可能会躲到父母身后,以避免尝试新事情(安逸/逃避型)。另一个孩子在因某种行为而受到斥责时,可能会感到羞辱,会躲回到自己的房间,以避免受到更多批评(控制型)。第三个孩子可能会努力表现得可爱迷人,以便让别人微笑而非皱眉(取悦型)。第四个孩子在把颜色涂到线条外面时可能会沮丧地大哭,并且拒绝继续涂色(力争优秀型)。
像这些孩子们一样,你在五岁之前也形成了一系列的应对行为。你可能会模仿你看到的身边人的行为,或者,通过试错过程,你完善了一些你认为能够保护自己的归属感和自我价值感的行为。每当你感觉受到威胁时,你就会做出这些我们称之为“打出你的顶牌”的保护性举动。
如果安逸是你的顶牌,你可能会相信,如果某件事压力太大,或太痛苦或难度太大,那么,你就胜任不了这份工作,而且不可能获得归属感和价值感。如果控制是你的顶牌,并且你认为有人批评了你,那么,你会觉得你可能没有自己认为的那么优秀而感到羞辱,并因此认为你不可能获得归属感和价值感。如果你的顶牌是取悦,当别人对你或你的行为不高兴的时候,或者当你认为自己被拒绝的时候,你可能会确信自己失去了归属感和价值感。如果你的顶牌是力争优秀,你可能会认为,如果你无足轻重或者生活毫无意义,你就不再有归属感或价值感了。你会越来越擅长于自己的行为,以免失去归属感和价值感。现在,在对压力、恐惧或感知到的威胁做出回应时,你会自动地采用同样的这些行为。
你拥有的技能越多,你的生活就会越顺利。然而,当你打出自己的顶牌时,你会反应性地陷入自动的、自我保护的行为中,并且你会限制自己学习新技能的能力。你可以采用的选择会更少,而生活会有更大的压力。当你在毫无觉察或不知道的情况下打出自己的顶牌时,它就会给你带来反作用。当你打出自己的顶牌,而不是面对自己的恐惧时,你最终会体验到自己正在努力逃避的东西。

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Brand Jingdong book
Brand Origin China

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