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文艺心理学

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文艺心理学

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《文艺心理学》写来自具一种“美”,不是“高头讲章”,不是教科书,不是咬文嚼字或繁征博引的推理与考据;它步步引你入胜,断不会教你索然释手。全书文字像行云流水,自在极了。他像谈话似的,一层层领着你走进高深和复杂里去……你不知不觉地跟着他走,不知不觉地“到了家”。你想得知识固可读它,你怨得一些情趣或谈资也可读它;如入宝山,你绝不会空手回去的。我们可以用它作一面镜子,来照自己的面孔,也许会发现新的光彩。
Content Description

《文艺心理学》是著名美学家朱光潜先生美学研究的代表作,也是我国现代较早较系统的美学专著之一。全书以生动活泼、深入浅出的文字,将外国现代美学理论与中国占代美学思想相结合,论述了美感经验、文艺与道德、美的本质、艺术起源、美与创造等诸多问题,同时对西方一些主要美学流派进行了介绍。《文艺心理学》是我国美学史上最重要的经典名著之一。
Author Description

朱光潜(1897—1986),笔名孟实、盟石。安徽桐城人。中国现代苦名的美学家、文艺理论家、教育家、翻译家。曾任北京大学一级教授、中国社会科学院学部委员、第六届全国政协常务委员、中国外国文学学会常务理事。著作有《谈美》、《谈美书简》、《给青年的十二封信》、《谈修养》、《诗论》等。
Comments

★我受益最大的不是正课,而是朱光潜先生的“文艺心理学”选修课和陈寅恪先生的“佛经翻译文学”旁听课,这两门课对我日后发展影响深远,可以说直至现在。我搞一点比较文学和文艺理论显然受朱先生熏陶,而搞佛教史、佛教梵语和中亚古代语言则与陈寅恪先生分不开。
他(朱光潜)只教一门文艺心理学,实际上就是美学,这是一门选修课。我选了这一门课,认真地听了一年。当时我就感觉到,这一门课非同凡响,是我最满意的一门课,比那些英、美、法、德等国来的外籍教授所开的课好到不能比的程度。
——季羡林

★这部《文艺心理学》写来自具一种“美”,不是“高头讲章”,不是教科书,不是咬文嚼字或繁征博引的推理与考据;它步步引你入胜,断不会教你索然释手。
全书文字像行云流水,自在极了。他像谈话似的,一层层领着你走进高深和复杂里去……你不知不觉地跟着他走,不知不觉地“到了家”。
你想得知识固可读它,你想得一些情趣或谈资也可读它;如入宝山,你绝不会空手回去的。
我们可以用它作一面镜子,来照自己的面孔,也许会发现新的光彩。
——朱自清
Catalogue


作者自白
第一章 美感经验的分析(一):形象的直觉
第二章 美感经验的分析(二):心理的距离
第三章 美感经验的分析(三):物我同一
第四章 美感经验的分析(四):美感与生理
第五章 关于美感经验的几种误解
第六章 美感与联想
第七章 文艺与道德(一):历史的回溯
第八章 文艺与道德(二):理论的建设
第九章 自然美与自然丑——自然主义与理想主义的错误
第十章 什么叫做美
第十一章 克罗齐派美学的批评——传达与价值问题
第十二章 艺术的起源与游戏
第十三章 艺术的创造(一):想象与灵感
第十四章 艺术的创造(二):天才与人力
第十五章 刚性美与柔性美
第十六章 悲剧的喜感
第十七章 笑与喜剧
附录 近代实验美学
简要参考书目
再版附记
Book Abstract

《文艺心理学》:
第二章 美感经验的分析(二):心理的距离

美感起于形象的直觉,不带实用目的,既如前述,现在我们可以讨论从这个原理产生出来的一个很重要的学说。一般人站在实用世界里面,专心去满足实际生活的需要,忘记这个世界是可以当作一幅图画供人欣赏的。在美感经验中,我们所对付的也还是这个世界,不过自己跳脱实用的圈套,把世界摆在一种距离以外去看。阿尔卑斯山谷里的一条汽车路上风景极好,路旁插着一个标语牌劝告游人说:“慢慢走,欣赏啊!”一般人在这车如流水马如龙的世界里,都像阿尔卑斯山下的汽车,趁着平路拼命向前跑;不过也有些比较幸运的人们偶尔能听“慢慢走”的劝告,驻脚流连一会儿,来欣赏阿尔卑斯山的奇景。在这一驻脚之间,他应付阿尔卑斯山的态度就已完全变过,他原来只把它当作一个很好的开汽车兜风的地方,现在却把它推远一点当作一幅画来看。
英国心理学家布洛(Bullough)仔细研究过这个道理,推演了一条原则出来,叫做“心理的距离”(psychical distance),这个原则不仅把从前关于美感经验的学说都包括无余,而且对于文艺批评也寻出一个很适用的标准,我们现在把它详细介绍出来。
什么叫做“心理的距离”呢?我们最好举一个实例来说明。
比如说海上的雾。乘船的人们在海上遇着大雾,是一件最不畅快的事。呼吸不灵便,路程被耽搁,固不用说;听到若远若近的邻船的警钟,水手们手慌脚乱地走动,以及船上的乘客们的喧嚷,时时令人觉得仿佛有大难临头似的,尤其使人心焦气闷。船像不死不活地在驶行,茫无边际的世界中没有一块可以暂时避难的干土,一切都任不可知的命运去摆布,在这种情境中最有修养的人也只能做到镇定的程度。但是换一个观点来看,海雾却是一种绝美的景致。你暂且不去想到它耽误了程期,不去想到实际上的不舒畅和危险,你姑且聚精会神地去看它这种现象,看这幅轻烟似的薄纱,笼罩着这平谧如镜的海水,许多远山和飞鸟被它盖上一层面网,都现出梦境的依稀隐约,它把天和海联成一气,你仿佛伸一只手就可握住在天上浮游的仙子。你的四围全是广阔、沉寂、秘奥和雄伟,你见不到人世的鸡犬和烟火,你究竟在人间还是在天上,也有些犹豫不易决定。这不是一种极愉快的经验么?
这两种经验的分别完全起于观点的不同。在前一种经验中,海雾是实用世界中的一片段,它和你的知觉、情感、希望以及一切实际生活需要都连瓜带葛地固结在一块,成了你的工具或是你的障碍。你的全部实际生活逼得你不得不畏危险,逼得你不得不求平安,所以你不得不讨厌这耽误程期带危险性的海雾。换句话说,你和海雾的关系太密切了,距离太接近了,所以不能用“处之泰然”的态度去欣赏它。在后一种经验中,你把海雾摆在实用世界以外去看,使它和你的实际生活中间存有一种适当的“距离”,所以你能不为忧患休戚的念头所扰,一味用客观的态度去欣赏它。这就是美感的态度。
……
Introduction

八年前我有幸读孟实先生《无言之美》初稿,爱它说理的透彻。那篇讲稿后来印在《民铎》里,好些朋友都说好。现在想不到又有幸读这部《文艺心理学》的原稿,真是缘分。这八年中孟实先生是更广更深了,此稿便是最好的见证;我读完了,自然也感到更大的欣悦。
美学大约还得算是年轻的学问,给一般读者说法的书几乎没有;这可窘住了中国翻译介绍的人。据我所知,我们现在的几部关于艺术或美学的书,大抵以日文书为底本:往往薄得可怜,用语行文又太将就原作,像是西洋人说中国话,总不能够让我们十二分听进去。再则这类书里,只有哲学的话头,很少心理的解释,不用说生理的。像“高头讲章”一般,美学差不多变成丑学了。奇怪的是“美育代宗教说”提倡在十来年前,到如今才有这部头头是道、醰醰有味的谈美的书。
“美育代宗教说”只是一回讲演;多少年来虽然不时有人提起,但专心致志去提倡的人并没有。本来这时代宗教是在“打倒”之列了,“代替”也许说不上了;不过“美育”总还有它存在的理由。江绍原先生和周岂明先生先后提倡过“生活之艺术”,孟实先生也主张“人生的艺术化”。他在《谈美》的末章专论此事:他说,“过一世生活好比做一篇文章”;又说,“艺术的创造之中都必寓有欣赏,生活也是如此”;又说,“生活上的艺术家也不但能认真,而且能摆脱。在认真时见出他的严肃,在摆脱时见出他的豁达”;又说,“不但善与美是一体,真与美也无隔阂”。——关于这句抽象的结论,他有透彻的说明,不仅仅搬弄文字。这种艺术的态度便是“美育”的目标所在。
话是远去了,简截不绕弯地说罢。你总该不只一回念过诗,看过书画,听过音乐,看过戏(西洋的也好,中国的也好);至少你总该不只一回见过“真山真水”,至少你也该见过乡村郊野。你若真不留一点意,也就罢了;若你觉得“美”而在领略之余还要好奇地念着“这是怎么回事”,我介绍你这部书。人人都应有念诗看书画等权利与能力,这便是“美育”;事实上不能如此,那当别论。美学是“美育”的“百尺竿头更进一步”,或者说是拆穿“美”的后台的。有人想,这种寻根究底的追求已入理智境界,不独不能增进“美”的欣赏,怕还要打消情意的力量,使人索然兴尽。所谓“七宝楼台,拆碎不成片段”,正可用作此解。但这里是一个争论;世间另有人觉得明白了欣赏和创造的过程可以得着更准确的力量,因为也明白了走向“美”的分歧的路。至于知识的受用,还有它独立的价值,自然不消说的。何况这部《文艺心理学》写来自具一种“美”,不是“高头讲章”,不是教科书,不是咬文嚼字或繁征博引的推理与考据;它步步引你入胜,断不会教你索然释手。
这是一部介绍西洋近代美学的书。作者虽时下断语,大概是比较各家学说的同异短长,加以折衷或引申。他不想在这里建立自己的系统,只简截了当地分析重要的纲领,公公道道地指出一些比较平坦的大路。这正是眼前需要的基础工作。我们可以用它作一面镜子,来照自己的面孔,也许会发现新的光彩。书中虽以西方文艺为论据,但作者并未忘记中国;他不断地指点出来,关于中国文艺的新见解是可能的。所以此书并不是专写给念过西洋诗、看过西洋画的人读的。他这书虽然并不忽略重要的哲人的学说,可是以“美感经验”开宗明义,逐步解释种种关联的心理的,以及相伴的生理的作用,自是科学的态度。在这个领域内介绍这个态度的,中国似乎还无先例;一般读者将乐于知道直到他们自己的时代止的对于美的事物的看法。孟实先生的选择是煞费苦心的;他并不将一大堆人名与书名向你头顶上直压下来,教你望而却步或者皱着眉毛走上去,直到掉到梦里而后已。他只举出一些继往开来的学说,为一般读者所必需知道的。所以你念下去时,熟人渐多,作者这样腾出地位给每一家学说足够的说明和例证,你这样也便于捉摸、记忆。
但是这部书并不是材料书,孟实先生是有主张的。他以他所主张的为取舍衡量的标准,折衷和引申都从这里发脚。有他自己在里面,便与教科书或类书不同。他可是并不偏狭,相反的理论在书中有同样充分的地位;这样的比较其实更可阐明他所主张的学说——这便是“形象的直觉”。孟实先生说:“凡美感经验都是形象的直觉……形象属于物……直觉属于我……在美感经验中,我所以接物者是直觉而不是寻常的知觉和抽象的思考;物所以对我者是形象而不是实质成因和效用。”(第一章)他在这第一章里说明美感的态度与实用的及科学的态度怎样不同,美感与快感怎样不同,美感的态度又与批评的态度怎样不同。末了他说明美感经验与历史的知识的关系;他说作者的史迹就了解说非常重要,而了解与欣赏虽是两件事,却不可缺一。这种持平之论,真是片言居要,足以解释许多对于考据家与心解家的争执。
全书文字像行云流水,自在极了。他像谈话似的,一层层领着你走进高深和复杂里去。他这里给你来一个比喻,那里给你来一段故事,有时正经,有时诙谐;你不知不觉地跟着他走,不知不觉地“到了家”。他的句子、译名、译文都痛痛快快的,不扭捏一下子,也不尽绕弯儿。这种“能近取譬”、“深入显出”的本领是孟实先生的特长。可是轻易不能做到这地步;他在《谈美》中说写此书时“要先看几十部书才敢下笔写一章”,这是谨严切实的功夫。他却不露一些费力的痕迹,那是功夫到了家。他让你念这部书只觉得他是你自己的朋友,不是长面孔的教师、宽袍大袖的学者,也不是海角天涯的外国人。书里有不少的中国例子,其中有不少有趣的新颖的解释:譬如“文气”、“生气”、“即景生情,因情生景”,岂不都已成了烂熟的套语?但孟实先生说文气是“一种筋肉的技巧”(第八章),生气就是“自由的活动”(第六章),“即景生情,因情生景”的“生”就是“创造”(第三章)。最有意思的以“意象的旁通”说明吴道子画壁何以得力于裴旻的舞剑,以“模仿一种特殊的筋肉活动”说明王羲之观鹅掌拨水,张旭观公孙大娘舞剑而悟书法(第十三章),又据弗莱因斐尔斯的学说,论王静安先生《人间词话》中所谓“有我之境”实是无我之境,所谓“无我之境”倒是有我之境(第三章)(作者注:这一段已移到《诗论》里去了)。这些都是入情入理的解释,非一味立异可比。更重要的是从近代艺术反写实主义的立场为中国艺术辩护(第二章),他是在这里指出一个大问题;近年来国内也渐渐有人论及,此书可助他们张目。东汉时蔡邕得着王充《论衡》,资为谈助;《论衡》自有它的价值,决不仅是谈助。此书性质与《论衡》迥不相类,而兼具两美则同:你想得知识固可读它,你想得一些情趣或谈资也可读它;如入宝山,你决不会空手回去的。
朱自清,1932年4月,伦敦

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Terms and Conditions of Yami E-Gift Card

If you choose “Redeem automatically” as your delivery method, your gift card balance will be reload automatically after your order has been processed successfully;

If you choose “Send to Email”as your delivery method, the card number and CVV will be sent to the email address automatically;

Any user can use the card number and CVV to redeem the gift card, please keep your gift card information safely. If you have any trouble receiving email, please contact Yami customer service;

Yami gift card can be used to purchase both Yami owned or Marketplace products;

Yami gift card will never expire;

Yami gift card balance does not have to be used up at once;

All rights reserved by Yami.

Return Policy

Gift card that has already been consumed is non-refundable.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Yami Free Shipping over $49
Yami Easy Returns
Yami Ships from United States

Shipping

  • United States

    Standard Shipping is $5.99 (Excluding Alaska & Hawaii). Free on orders of $49 or more.

    Local Express is $5.99 (Available in Parts of CA, NJ, MA & PA). Free on orders of $49 or more.

    2-Day Express (Includes Alaska & Hawaii) starts at $19.99.

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Yami Cross-store Free Shipping over $69
Yami 30-days Return

Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book