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Jingdong book

特殊儿童教育与康复文库：特殊儿童心理治疗

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特殊儿童教育与康复文库：特殊儿童心理治疗

Name: 特殊儿童教育与康复文库：特殊儿童心理治疗
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117127491
Price: 41.41 USD
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《特殊儿童教育与康复文库：特殊儿童心理治疗》讨论的特殊儿童，主要为心理发展水平相对较低或心理机能失调及心理发展有障碍的儿童，考虑到儿童的发展性与阶段性，不能简单界定其为“心理疾病”患者；更广义而宽泛的特殊儿童群体（如超常态及处境不利儿童），限于篇幅和学术范畴，暂不做深入研究（留作日后专题研讨更为合适）。需要强调的是，特殊儿童心理治疗应由经过专业训练的治疗者施行，在与特殊儿童建立良性互动的基础上，通过采取不同心理学方法和专业技术或组合以适应各类特殊儿童，注重儿童发展并解决其心理行为问题，帮助其恢复心理健康。故而“治疗”一词并非单纯的医疗卫生话语（我国医疗卫生部门对“心理治疗”的解释是，运用一类应用心理学原理和方法，由专业人员有计划地实施的治疗疾病的技术），其特点更多地指向技术与方法的专业性。最后需要说明的是，特殊儿童首先是儿童，其次是特殊儿童；在对其进行心理治疗时，为避免“简化”掉复杂性根源，应“始终把特殊儿童当作特殊儿童”，采用科学、规范并具整合特色的方法与技术，这样才能从整体上形成突破性认识，进而通过理论创新与实践创新，促进我国特殊儿童心理治疗的专业水平跨上新台阶。

Catalogue

总序一
总序二
总序三
前言

第一章引论
第一节特殊儿童心理治疗概述
第二节心理治疗的理论与方法
第三节特殊儿童心理治疗实务

第二章听觉障碍儿童心理治疗
第一节听觉障碍儿童心理治疗概述
第二节听觉障碍儿童心理治疗案例评析
第三节听觉障碍儿童心理问题相关研究

第三章视觉障碍儿童心理治疗
第一节视觉障碍儿童心理治疗概述
第二节视觉障碍儿童心理治疗案例评析
第三节视觉障碍儿童心理问题相关研究

第四章肢体障碍儿童心理治疗
第一节肢体障碍儿童心理治疗概述
第二节肢体障碍儿童心理治疗案例评析
第三节肢体障碍儿童心理问题相关研究

第五章智力障碍儿童心理治疗
第一节智力障碍儿童心理治疗概述
第二节智力障碍儿童心理治疗案例评析
第三节智力障碍儿童心理问题相关研究

第六章自闭症儿童心理治疗
第一节自闭症儿童心理治疗概述
第二节自闭症儿童心理治疗案例评析
第三节自闭症儿童心理问题相关研究

第七章学习障碍儿童心理治疗
第一节学习障碍儿童心理治疗概述
第二节学习障碍儿童心理治疗案例评析
第三节学习障碍儿童心理问题相关研究

第八章情绪与行为障碍儿童心理治疗
第一节情绪与行为障碍儿童心理治疗概述
第二节情绪与行为障碍儿童心理治疗案例评析
第三节情绪与行为障碍儿童心理问题相关研究
主要参考文献

Book Abstract

《特殊儿童教育与康复文库：特殊儿童心理治疗》：
视障儿童产生畏缩、害羞的第一个原因，可从两个方面来加以考虑，一方面，他和其他小朋友在一起做游戏的时候，由于视觉缺陷，往往跟不上速度，感到不太顺利，所以自己独自玩耍的情形增多。另一方面，自己独自玩耍时感到轻松愉快，孤立的行为就更被强化，如此循环，他就失去了学习人际关系必要技巧的机会。
视障儿童产生畏缩、害羞的第二个原因是：虽然他有心要跟其他儿童交往，但JH，加入同龄儿童的交友场面时就不知所措，结果对于同龄人的交友场面逐渐感到厌恶，且增加不安。
第三个原因与社会上某些人对视力障碍的不公正态度和社会偏见有关。社会原因致使视障儿童在遇到问题和困难时畏缩回避，缺乏竞争，不愿与明眼人交往，始终处在郁郁寡欢、焦虑紧张状态中，沉溺于自闭、自怜的幻想之中。
（五）逆反心理及反抗行为
有逆反心理的视障儿童一般不听从教师、家长善意的劝告，会故意做出一些相反的行为，告诉他不要这样做，他偏要这样做，说话的口气显得不把教师和家长的话当同事儿。有时突然暴跳如雷，说些不负责任的气话，故意让人讨厌、生气。类似情形常出现于某个年龄阶段的视障儿童，所以并非儿童、家长或教师任何一方有问题，而是教师、家长与视障儿童两者之间相互关系出现了问题。
首先，仔细分析视障儿童行为举止存有逆反心理的原因。
在某个年龄段，视障儿童会以反抗的方式来吸引成人的关注，视障儿童正是以这种方式来保持与成人的关系。成人被他左右得越慌乱，就表明成人对他越关注。如此一来，视障儿童的行为举止就会变得更有反抗性。
视障儿童利用反抗使家长或教师的吩咐或期望发生变更。简单地说，他的反抗行为实际上就是逃避成人对他的要求，视障儿童通过运用反抗的手段来达到自己的目的。与这种儿童接触时，那种令教师和家长不满、生气的反抗行为会使我们不知不觉中大发脾气。了解了视障儿童出现这种行为的原因后，重要的是不要片面地认为是其顽劣，相反，如果教师或家长改变对待他的方式，视障儿童的行为也会随之改变。
其次，分析评估视障儿童反抗行为的程度。
为了正确处理视障儿童的反抗行为，教师和家长首先要冷静地思考视障儿童是在什么情况下采取反抗的态度，接着回想一下，视障儿童会有何种程度的反抗。尽可能记录下儿童反抗行为的状况，如为什么事情、在什么时候不听从成人的指令，儿童反抗行为的百分比大约是多少，如几分钟一次，或是在某一时段内发生几次等，反抗的时间持续多久等。通过回顾过去的情况，我们就可能发现一些重要的线索，通过这些线索，我们就有可能对视障儿童的反抗行为进行有效的处理。
处理视障儿童反抗性行为有两个基本原则：一是加强培养视障儿童令人满意的行为，特别是被忽略、从未被鼓励过的行为；二是减少令人厌恶的反抗行为。同时，通过鼓励法和积分制，来强化儿童的良好行为，改善和儿童之间的关系。二、视障儿童心理治疗适用方法（一）感觉统合疗法感觉统合是人的各种复杂心理活动的基础，只有通过感觉统合，个体神经系统的各个不同部分之间才能协同活动，它是人适应外部环境所需要的一种基本的心理功能。和其他心理功能一样，感觉统合功能也是随着个体的发展而逐渐成熟和发展起来的。一般来说，较低层次的感觉统合功能发展较早，而较高层次的感觉统合功能则发展较晚，到了学龄期以后，大部分儿童的感觉统合功能都会得到比较完善的发展。
视障儿童由于视觉障碍，听觉和触觉成为视障儿童获取信息的重要渠道，触觉对视障儿童的学习和生活影响是重大的。视障儿童触觉统合失调（防御过当或过弱）使视障儿童逃避触摸，对无危险的触碰有异常的情绪反应；缺乏触觉感知的主动意识，制约了视障儿童学习能力的发展，从而影响视障儿童的生活、学习和人际关系。这也是感觉统合失调的表现，而感觉统合失调训练的最好时机是312岁。学前阶段视障儿童正处于感觉统合快速发展的时期，需要提供大量身体、四肢动作来增加感官与动作经验，让自身的前庭觉、运动觉、触觉、听觉获得充分的发展，才能形成稳定的情绪，奠定良好的学习基础，才能在学校中顺利且愉快地适应团体生活并能轻松自如地应付课业学习。
（二）游戏疗法
与明眼儿童一样，游戏活动是视障儿童的主要活动。视障儿童积极参加游戏活动是生理和心理发展上的需要，对个性的形成和认知能力的发展有重要意义。游戏疗法对视障儿童的心理发展有特殊的重要性，能广泛促进视障儿童的各种心理能力，如记忆、语言、逻辑、想象和创造能力的发展。
……

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