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Jingdong book

荣禄与晚清政局

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Jingdong book

荣禄与晚清政局

Name: 荣禄与晚清政局
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3122000771
Price: 37.45 USD
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本书是第一部有关荣禄的完整的传记。

著名史家金冲及为本书作序推荐。

荣禄是晚清政局中的风云人物。在甲午战争、戊戌变法、庚子事变等重大历史事件中，他都起着举足轻重的作用。

荣禄不是宗室亲贵，但他一生最后几年却身膺首席军机大臣，又被授以文华殿大学士，位高权重，这在晚清历史上实属罕见。

Content Description

1894年甲午战争期间，荣禄奉旨督办军务，逐渐接近权力中枢。从小站练兵，到创建武卫军，主导编练新军，开始扭转咸同以后汉族督抚控制军权的局面。戊戌年反对康、梁激进改革，参与策动慈禧训政的密谋。政变后积极调和两宫，保护光绪帝，支持“建储”，借以抵制端王、徐桐等人的“废帝”计划。

庚子义和团兴起，荣禄虽主张“剿办”拳民、保护铁路，但事事听命于慈禧，不敢越雷池半步。最初奉命率武卫军保护使馆，围攻使馆开始后，又伺机与公使馆殷勤致意，接洽和议，但终未成功。京城沦陷，两宫西行。不久荣禄抵达行在，重掌枢垣，故态复萌，一切秉承慈禧之意……

Author Description

马忠文，1967年6月出生，汉族，内蒙古阿拉善左旗人。中国社会科学院近代史研究所政治史研究室副研究员。1985年考入东北师范大学历史系，1992年获硕士学位。先后在中共中央党校、中华书局、中国社会科学杂志社《历史研究》编辑部工作。研究领域为近代政治史。

Catalogue

导言

第一章家世及出仕

一家族与家世

二难荫入仕

三投效神机营密结醇亲王

第二章光绪初年的宦海沉浮

一迭膺重差

二北派底色与荣、沈公案

三退出官场

第三章赋闲与复出

一醇王当政与荣禄开复

二与李、翁关系的亲疏异同

三出任西安将军

四甲午战前与汉族官员的关系

第四章甲午督办军务

一提督九门督办军务

二反对汉纳根练兵

三清议与宫闱之争

第五章马关议和后的朝局动荡

一中枢与北洋权力的调整

二慈禧对清议的整肃

第六章督办军务与荣禄权势的扩张

一裁勇与军事改革

二袁世凯编练新军

三荣禄权势的骤升

第七章胶、旅事件前后

一外交危机与翁同龢开缺

二荣禄与戊戌年武科改革

三对康有为的疏远与敌视

四总督直隶

第八章戊戌政变

一百日维新后期的朝局与慈禧训政

二调和两宫缓和局势

三建立武卫军

第九章己亥建储前后的党争与政争

一新旧、满汉及荣刚之争

二康、梁及东南沿海反对废立、攻击荣禄的舆论

三己亥建储与庚子年初的朝局

第十章庚子事变

一义和团兴起与清廷的应对

二联军入侵与清廷宣战

三京城陷落后荣禄的抉择

第十一章从主政西安到返回京城

一庇护董福祥

二回銮前荣禄的处境

三返回京城与自请罢斥

四荣禄病逝与时论评价

结语

Introduction

序

金冲及

马忠文同志的新著《荣禄与晚清政局》，顾名思义，着重探讨的是两个相互联系的重要课题：一个是晚清政局中的荣禄，一个是从荣禄的处境和作为来考察晚清政局。这是两个问题，也是两种视角，对深化近代史研究十分重要，但以往的研究却相对薄弱。这部新著在这两方面都有所推进，值得重视。

荣禄在晚清政治中的重要地位，可谓众所周知。甲午战争、戊戌变法、庚子事变这些重大历史事件中，他都起着举足轻重的作用。荣禄不是宗室亲贵，但他一生最后几年却身膺首席军机大臣，又被授以文华殿大学士，位高权重，这在晚清历史上实属罕见。

然而，遗憾的是，长期以来除了简略的官修传记和几篇碑传文，没有一部有关荣禄的完整而具有较高学术水准的传记或专著。当然，这也并不奇怪。最大的困难在于：有关荣禄的历史资料极为散乱，既没有人为他编过稍完备的文集，也没有年谱长编之类的资料集。庚子事变中，他的府第被焚毁，自己保留的早年文稿、往来书信、档案等文字资料都付之一炬。如果要对荣禄进行系统而深入的研究，就得拿出“上穷碧落下黄泉”的精神，从搜集散见各处的原始资料做起，并对这些资料进行细心比较和考证，去伪存真，做好扎实的资料基础，这是研究工作的第一步。只是这项艰巨而细致的工作，比起研究同时代其他历史人物所需花费的工夫要多得多，难免使人望而却步。

忠文同志正是本着这种精神，知难而进。他熟悉晚清朝政掌故，著有《晚清人物与史事》，在确定荣禄研究的选题后，又花了极大精力，奔走各地，细心搜寻查阅资料，诸如中国第一历史档案馆和台北故宫所藏清代朱批奏折、录副奏折、传包档案，中国社科院近代史研究所藏醇亲王、李鸿藻、张之洞、鹿传霖档案，上海图书馆所藏盛宣怀档案，有关人士如翁同龢、袁世凯、李鸿章、刘坤一、张荫桓、王文韶、廖寿恒、那桐、荣庆、陈夔龙的文集、日记、书信、笔记、年谱，以及报刊文献等，每有所得，如获至宝。在尽可能占有详尽资料的基础上，忠文同志经过严谨细致的比核梳理，终于比较完整而清晰地再现出荣禄一生的基本经历和关键时期的思想活动。这是一项开拓性的工作。此中甘苦，诚如古人所说，“如鱼饮水，冷暖自知”。

史家论述历史人物，应力求做到能够知人论世。忠文同志这部新著，比起他以往的研究，明显又前进了一步。他不只是停留在对历史人物个人经历的微观剖析，而是力求扩大视野，透过荣禄的研究，对晚清朝政的全局有比较宏观的考察，并做出自己的论断。

这些论断中，有两点特别值得注意：一是他认为甲午战后的变法浪潮，包括戊戌变法在内，并不只是围绕康、梁的维新运动展开的，而是民族危机加深的时代背景下朝野各方寻求救亡自强出路的产物。甲午战后的变法，既有康、梁等要求的以日本、俄国为榜样的激进改革，也有清廷自上而下推行的以练兵、开矿、修建铁路、兴办学堂为核心的实政改革（也就是洋务派式的改革）。荣禄当属于后者。以往受到康、梁宣传的影响，学界对于清廷的实政研究关注明显不够。二是清末新政所以没有根本性的进展，同甲午战后清廷财政枯竭、统治阶级内部矛盾重重、社会矛盾日益尖锐等情况有关。以往对晚清朝局的研究也比较薄弱。本书用很多篇幅描述辛酉政变后统治集团高层内部的分歧与矛盾：最高统治者慈禧太后真正看重的是个人权力；满洲宗室中的恭王、醇王、端王、庆王等各有怀抱，在地位上此起彼伏；满洲大臣中，荣禄和刚毅相互对立，明争暗斗；汉族大臣中，先有李鸿藻、沈桂芬为首的“南北之争”和清流、浊流之争，光宣之际又有袁世凯、盛宣怀间的勾心斗角、相互倾轧。如此不一而足。像清朝在康熙、雍正和乾隆初期那种朝气奋发、敢有作为的气象几已荡然无存。就是当时被人称为“有血性”的能臣荣禄，也贪恋钱财，唯慈禧马首是瞻。读者不难感到，对这个暮气沉沉的封建王朝已难寄期望。

当然，带有开拓性的探索不可能尽善尽美。作者的有些论断和叙述是否恰当，还需要做更深入的研讨。以荣禄与晚清政局的关系来说，当他进入统治集团最高层的时候，清朝已面临王朝末日。他病逝不到十年，统治中国两百多年的清朝统治终告覆亡，有着两千多年历史的君主专制制度也告结束。这样的历史性巨变，在此前十多年早见端倪，但书中的论述和分析尚不够到位，似乎还不能使读者对将要到来的历史巨变产生强烈的预感。当然，这是个复杂的问题，不可能在一本书中都得到很好的解决，也许可以唤起更多史家一起做进一步的探索。

金冲及

二○一六年三月二日

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