第一节 Argumentation（议论文）手把手15句写作讲解
二、手把手15句写作
我们用概述篇第二章中的作文题目和本篇第一章中那位5分考生的写作观点，来讲解说明如何运用15句框架模板写作。
题目：
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.
What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
写作提纲：
观点：大学应该更注重提供与学生工作相关的技能。
原因1：大部分学生上大学的目的是将来好找工作。
原因2：工作所需的知识技能更新快，大学重视这些知识的研究也能促使学校进步。
写首段第1句：背景介绍
A good beginning is half done. 首段写作我们要做到无错、清晰、快速。不要花太多时间在首段冥思苦想、字斟句酌。要把更多的时间和精彩的论证留给文章的主体段落。首段要快速完成，迅速进入写作状态！
Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purpose of university education.
现在，越来越多的人关心大学教育的目的。
Tips:
还应掌握
l Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the phenomenon that...
l Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purposes that university education serves.
l Nowadays, more and more students are concerned about what they will learn in the universities.
l Universities are one of the most important institutions in modern society.
如果确实很难在短时间内想出第一句内容，就直接表达观点，两句话写完首段。
l I agree with the view that... Reasons are as follows. 我赞同的观点是……。原因如下。
当然首句也有直接让考官惊艳的高级写法。在下一章我会为大家介绍。
写首段第2句：交代辩论话题
既然是辩论话题，必然有正反双方两种观点。正方说这样做合理，反方说这样做不合理；正方说优势大，反方说劣势大。所以我们必须学会的句型就是表达“是否应该……”；“是这样……还是应该那样……”；或者直接写“一些人认为……；另一些人认为……”。
这3种写法考生都应该熟练掌握，考场上任选其一。
A.“是否应该……”
However, whether universities should mainly provide job-related skills to graduates is a controversial issue.
但是，大学是否应该主要提供给学生与工作相关的技能是一个备受争议的话题。
B.“是这样……还是应该那样……”
However, whether universities should mainly provide job-related skills or pure knowledge to graduates has caused heated debate.
但是，大学是应该主要提供给学生与工作相关的技能还是纯粹的知识引起了激烈的争议。
Tip: 当然，我们可以灵活使用其他连词引导的主语从句来表达：However, what kind of knowledge and skills universities should mainly provide to graduates is a controversial issue. 但是，大学应该主要提供给学生哪一种知识技能是一个备受争议的话题。
C. 一些人认为……；另一些人认为……
Some people state that...; others believe that...
Some people state that universities should focus on giving access to knowledge; others believe that the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace are more important for university graduates.
一些人认为大学应关注提供知识；另一些人认为工作所需的技能对大学毕业生更重要。
写首段第3句：交代你自己的写作观点
在雅思考官的一些高分范文中，常常到了文章最后一段才表明观点，但这对广大中国雅思考生来说是难以模仿的。这要求文章说理、例证和让步，环环相扣，最后水到渠成得出结论。阅读者被潜移默化，赞同最后的观点。而广大考生模仿此类文章写出的作文，我读起来都属于前中部分比较迷茫，最后恍然大悟。其实准确地说，最后不是恍然大悟，而是恍然有所悟。于是我会批注：The position is not clear throughout.
既然我们的英语作文很难老谋深算地谋篇布局，处处伏笔，前后呼应，那么我们就应该在首段明确地提出写作观点。这样做其实给考官一点心理暗示，帮助他们在接下来读到费解的句子时，能通过前面你鲜明的立场体会出你想表达的思想或道理，让他们在阅读中更加轻松。
表达写作观点，掌握下面几种表达足矣：
In my view, ...
My view is that... (表语从句)
I agree with the view that... (同位语从句), for the following reasons.
例：My view is that job-related knowledge and skills should be the main focus of universities.
Tips: 1. 如果上一句你写的是“一些人认为……；另一些人认为……”，接下来这句也可以更简单地写成：I mainly agree with the former（前者）/latter（后者）view for the following reasons. 2. 不要写出50%对50%的完全中立的观点，如：There is value in both sides. 这会给接下来的写作带来困难，很容易导致立场不清晰。就好像别人问你：“他的观点是……，而她的观点是……，你的观点是什么？”而你回答：“我的观点是他们的观点都有道理。”只有超级高手才敢一开始使用此等无赖的招数，因为他们能在接下来的行文中化腐朽为神奇。
（……）
好了，文章写完了，我们连起来读一遍，并检查。检查什么呢？请参考概述篇第一章中“雅思写作流程”的相关知识。
Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purpose that university education serves. However, whether they should mainly provide job-related skills or pure knowledge to graduates has caused heated debate. My view is that practical skills should be the main focus of universities.
First, it is clear that for most students, the purpose of receiving university education is to obtain specific knowledge and skills, which will enable them to become qualified employees in the future job market. This is because most of them, after graduation, will enter workplace, earn their living, and raise their own families. So universities, as service providers, have to give top priority to these customers’ real needs.
Moreover, focusing on the job-related skills can benefit the university itself. For example, the science fiction blockbuster “Avatar” has marked a milestone in the filmmaking industry and sparked massive interest in 3D technology. If a university can quickly respond, and consolidate teaching resources to offer courses regarding 3D, not only will its graduates be more competitive in the near future, but the university itself will keep pace with the modern technological development and move forward.
That is not to say that universities should not pay any attention to pure scientific research. There are, of course, students interested in theoretical knowledge such as math and philosophy, and will later become scientists and scholars who will make greater contributions to our society. But unfortunately these people are few.
In sum, the major function of universities should be providing students job-related skills, guaranteeing high rate of employment, and thus making the society function well. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the other important roles universities are undertaking. Only by doing so can universities maintain dynamic and sustainable development.
(288 words)
参考译文：（……）
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